About this Book In this book �Caribbean: Economics, Migrants and Control�, the writer assesses what appears to be an increasing trend in big/rich country approach to immigration. Whether deliberately or incidentally, Caribbean peoples especially the would-be migrants, are being subjected to an elaborate process of cultural control in every area of their lives. Through television images and other media, through the education system (or lack thereof), through the recruitment of nationals and the diaspora contacts Caribbean nationals are being prepared for life overseas. The writer contends that they are adopting the foreign culture, sports, food, clothes and behavior at a rapid pace while at the same time losing knowledge of the native environment and the evidence in the study supports this contention. Many of the �recent migrants� who are seen on the streets in Brooklyn or elsewhere or in the schools are hardly distinguishable from inner city African Americans suggesting that dominant society influence coupled with the desire to fit in pervade the entire raison d`etre even before the immigrants arrive.

About this Book In this book �Caribbean: Economics, Migrants and Control�, the writer assesses what appears to be an increasing trend in big/rich country approach to immigration. Whether deliberately or incidentally, Caribbean peoples especially the would-be migrants, are being subjected to an elaborate process of cultural control in every area of their lives. Through television images and other media, through the education system (or lack thereof), through the recruitment of nationals and the diaspora contacts Caribbean nationals are being prepared for life overseas. The writer contends that they are adopting the foreign culture, sports, food, clothes and behavior at a rapid pace while at the same time losing knowledge of the native environment and the evidence in the study supports this contention. Many of the �recent migrants� who are seen on the streets in Brooklyn or elsewhere or in the schools are hardly distinguishable from inner city African Americans suggesting that dominant society influence coupled with the desire to fit in pervade the entire raison d`etre even before the immigrants arrive.

We all have things we want in life, but how do we make it happen? How to Get a Wagon is a short story in rhyme written to teach children and parents a valuable lesson in a fun and simple manner. Guided by his parents, the little boy in this story learns the economic concept of working and saving to reach a desired goal. How to Get a Wagon demonstrates a productive way of responding to children's wants. In this story, personal responsibility is the answer, and the feeling of accomplishment is part of the reward.

We all have things we want in life, but how do we make it happen? How to Get a Wagon is a short story in rhyme written to teach children and parents a valuable lesson in a fun and simple manner. Guided by his parents, the little boy in this story learns the economic concept of working and saving to reach a desired goal. How to Get a Wagon demonstrates a productive way of responding to children's wants. In this story, personal responsibility is the answer, and the feeling of accomplishment is part of the reward.

The United States had a financial and economic crisis during the presidency of Reagan because of the plastic money policy. Those years became the beginning of the citizens� credit card debt; however, during the Bush Jr. government, a financial attack happened in United States� history, known as 9/11. The critical crisis began in the real estate market, affecting Obama�s economic policy in his early presidential years. After that, the economy had been growing. At times it downsized but bounced back to recovery in 2010.

The United States had a financial and economic crisis during the presidency of Reagan because of the plastic money policy. Those years became the beginning of the citizens� credit card debt; however, during the Bush Jr. government, a financial attack happened in United States� history, known as 9/11. The critical crisis began in the real estate market, affecting Obama�s economic policy in his early presidential years. After that, the economy had been growing. At times it downsized but bounced back to recovery in 2010.

The United States had a financial and economic crisis during the presidency of Reagan because of the plastic money policy. Those years became the beginning of the citizens� credit card debt; however, during the Bush Jr. government, a financial attack happened in United States� history, known as 9/11. The critical crisis began in the real estate market, affecting Obama�s economic policy in his early presidential years. After that, the economy had been growing. At times it downsized but bounced back to recovery in 2010.

In 1948 Americans spent five percent of total consumption on health care. Six decades later (2009) this had risen to twenty-one percent. What happened? Why did the percentage continue to grow? And given current factors and trajectories, this probably will continue in the foreseeable future. The problem is that a larger health care percentage results in a smaller percentage of other valued consumption: housing, food, education, transportation, and so on. Finally, add health care�s bureaucratic burden. Often getting health care seems more like an Inquisition than purchasing products and services from friendly merchants and medical providers. Addressing these concerns, this study examines the post-war economic history of health care spending is examined, using evolutionary economic theory and an econometric model analyzing 1948�2009 data. Important causes of health care spending growth include: 1. the initial rule change permitting employers to exclude employee health insurance premiums from taxation, 2. a feedback pattern wherein greater insurance generates greater spending, which then generates greater insurance demand, 3. a growing federal presence, such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs, and 4. the rise of both private and public managed care services. With an ever-growing percentage of health care dollars paid by insurance, it is becoming ever-more bureaucratic, with rules governing every aspect of health care practices. The conundrum is how to get those consuming health care to become more responsible, while providing a safety net for everyone needing health care, even for those without an ability to pay. The �Conclusion� discusses these issues.

In 1948 Americans spent five percent of total consumption on health care. Six decades later (2009) this had risen to twenty-one percent. What happened? Why did the percentage continue to grow? And given current factors and trajectories, this probably will continue in the foreseeable future. The problem is that a larger health care percentage results in a smaller percentage of other valued consumption: housing, food, education, transportation, and so on. Finally, add health care�s bureaucratic burden. Often getting health care seems more like an Inquisition than purchasing products and services from friendly merchants and medical providers. Addressing these concerns, this study examines the post-war economic history of health care spending is examined, using evolutionary economic theory and an econometric model analyzing 1948�2009 data. Important causes of health care spending growth include: 1. the initial rule change permitting employers to exclude employee health insurance premiums from taxation, 2. a feedback pattern wherein greater insurance generates greater spending, which then generates greater insurance demand, 3. a growing federal presence, such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs, and 4. the rise of both private and public managed care services. With an ever-growing percentage of health care dollars paid by insurance, it is becoming ever-more bureaucratic, with rules governing every aspect of health care practices. The conundrum is how to get those consuming health care to become more responsible, while providing a safety net for everyone needing health care, even for those without an ability to pay. The �Conclusion� discusses these issues.

In 1948 Americans spent five percent of total consumption on health care. Six decades later (2009) this had risen to twenty-one percent. What happened? Why did the percentage continue to grow? And given current factors and trajectories, this probably will continue in the foreseeable future. The problem is that a larger health care percentage results in a smaller percentage of other valued consumption: housing, food, education, transportation, and so on. Finally, add health care�s bureaucratic burden. Often getting health care seems more like an Inquisition than purchasing products and services from friendly merchants and medical providers. Addressing these concerns, this study examines the post-war economic history of health care spending is examined, using evolutionary economic theory and an econometric model analyzing 1948�2009 data. Important causes of health care spending growth include: 1. the initial rule change permitting employers to exclude employee health insurance premiums from taxation, 2. a feedback pattern wherein greater insurance generates greater spending, which then generates greater insurance demand, 3. a growing federal presence, such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs, and 4. the rise of both private and public managed care services. With an ever-growing percentage of health care dollars paid by insurance, it is becoming ever-more bureaucratic, with rules governing every aspect of health care practices. The conundrum is how to get those consuming health care to become more responsible, while providing a safety net for everyone needing health care, even for those without an ability to pay. The �Conclusion� discusses these issues.

Of Armenian origin, neuro-economist, Varoozh Sahakian, holds a D.B.A., a Ph.D in Economics and a Ph.D degree in Sociology.

Dr. Sahakian�s disillusionment with the traditional neoclassical top-down economic theory�s approach to the economic agent, �homo-economicus�, along with his belief that the homo sapien�s choice behavior and decision-making is somehow limited to his/her biology (although our environment influences our perceptions and actions as well), or in other words, that economics is actually a part of biology science, motivated him to do extended research and to acquire sound knowledge about human biology, the brain and nervous system, gender differences, as well as genetic, hormonal and chemical functions.

Dr. Sahakian�s book �Female Brain Unearths the Neoclassical Economic Theory �Macho� Biases and Anomalies� is the first of two books the author has written about the newborn, yet, burgeoning field of �neuroeconomics,� a highly promising human science approach to understanding the neurobiological bases of human-choice behavior and decision-making processes.

The author presents a very promising and blossoming scientific field, which portrays a more accurate picture of human nature than neoclassical reductionist, sterile economic theory. In many aspects, the neuroeconomics approach is a positive, constructive one, helping to explain the human capacity for kindness and cooperation and the centrality of fairness to social emotions, morality and norms (sadly by-passed and ignored by many Walrasian, Chicago School, and neoclassical advocates!).

The book most particularly introduces an economic agent who is not necessarily an acquisitive automaton conditioned always to narrow self-interest, like neoclassical economic theory�s unisex (macho) or unsex, but can be a female or male, young or old decision- maker. In other words, the book presents us with a real, �whole human being, a �homo-neuro-economicus�.

The most outstanding initiative of the book is the introduction of a feminist economic theory and its criticism of the neoclassical economic theory. Interestingly this is supported not only by socio-cultural/historical insights but also by neurobiological, psychological, gender, chemical and hormonal evidence as well.

Dr. Sahakian envisions that in the forthcoming years this challenging discipline is likely, once and for all, to realize Adam Smith and David Hume�s dream by providing

�a unified theory of human choice behavior and decision-making.�

Studies have documented that recent population decline in U.S. counties has been exacerbated by economic recession, but there is a lack of information about how to stabilize a declining population in a growing economy. The purpose of this book was to measure participants’ perceptions of the relationship between population decline and economic growth, employment, and education in one northern US County. Smith’s theory relating functional division of labor to increases in wealth and Malthus’s theory relating population change and economic growth served as theoretical bases. This mixed-methods case study used documents, a survey of 25 participants, and individual interviews with 10 participants. Data were analyzed with ANOVAs, t tests, and linear simple regressions. Survey results indicated that participants believed there was a minimal to moderate correlation between population decline and economic growth and that increased higher education opportunities in the community could stabilize the population and create long-term economic growth. Some participants were concerned that increased educational opportunities would lead to overpopulation and a loss of traditional values, suggesting that efforts should be made to help community members understand the value of higher education as a population and economic stabilizer. This study can contribute to positive social change by providing strategies for maintaining economic stability in areas experiencing population decline.

Studies have documented that recent population decline in U.S. counties has been exacerbated by economic recession, but there is a lack of information about how to stabilize a declining population in a growing economy. The purpose of this book was to measure participants’ perceptions of the relationship between population decline and economic growth, employment, and education in one northern US County. Smith’s theory relating functional division of labor to increases in wealth and Malthus’s theory relating population change and economic growth served as theoretical bases. This mixed-methods case study used documents, a survey of 25 participants, and individual interviews with 10 participants. Data were analyzed with ANOVAs, t tests, and linear simple regressions. Survey results indicated that participants believed there was a minimal to moderate correlation between population decline and economic growth and that increased higher education opportunities in the community could stabilize the population and create long-term economic growth. Some participants were concerned that increased educational opportunities would lead to overpopulation and a loss of traditional values, suggesting that efforts should be made to help community members understand the value of higher education as a population and economic stabilizer. This study can contribute to positive social change by providing strategies for maintaining economic stability in areas experiencing population decline.

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