At the conclusion of the dinner, Chancellor Theobald Bethmann-Hollweg opened the congratulatory part of the program with a toast to His Imperial and Royal Majesty Wilhelm II Hohenzollern, by the Grace of God, German Emperor and King of Prussia. We, the assembled here, renew our faith in a man so various that he seems guided by the Grace and hand of God. Long live our Emperor!� �Hoch! Hoch! Hoch!� exclaimed the guests, each one clinking his neighbors� wine glass. �Due to the long list of tonight�s speakers, it has been agreed that each personage will limit their speeches to five minutes. At the end of the ceremonies, guests are welcome to view the many gifts presented to His Majesty in honor of his twenty-fifth anniversary.� �With His Majesty�s permission, I wish to present Herr Andrew Carnegie from America. Herr Carnegie, a Scottish-born American is an industrialist turned philanthropist. As is well known worldwide, he built Pittsburgh�s Carnegie Steel Company. With his fortune made, the man of humble beginnings turned to philanthropy with special interests in education.� �With unselfish thoughts, he founded the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. From his adopted Pennsylvania home, he endowed the Carnegie University and Carnegie museums. Over the years, his generosity led to the establishment of many libraries, schools, and universities in America.� �In spite of his busy daily schedule, Andrew Carnegie found time to write several books, including the well received �Gospel of Wealth, and dozens of magazine and newspaper articles.� �It is with great pleasure that I offer the podium to Herr Andrew Carnegie.� �Thank you, Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg.� The Chancellor who stood a foot higher than the American bent forward to shake Carnegie�s hand which led to a titter among the audience. After spreading his notepaper on the lectern, the philanthropist turned to the Emperor. �Thank you very much, Your Majesty, for inviting me here today.� Wilhelm nodded several times exposing a broad grin. Carnegie�s carefully trimmed white beard glowed under a dozen closely placed incandescent lights. The audience saw a kindly, old man�s face that looked more like a favorite uncle that a millionaire. �I bring greetings and congratulations to His Majesty from the great metropolis of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania populated by a half-million German descendents.� His voice revealed a hint of Scottish burr. �The world�s greatest steel producing center lies between the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers that join to create the great Ohio River that opened the West to adventurous Americans.� �At the time Germany was unified in 1871, Pittsburgh was a village of 75,000 inhabitants. Today, it is a thriving metropolis, the fifth largest city in the United States. It was steel that created work for thousands of families. Steel provided them with schools, hospitals, fine roads and tall buildings.� �At the same time we learned that Berlin was on a parallel growth pattern. I believe that such growth is the result of peace throughout both lands. We can all agree that war is absent as economic growth brings full bellies and general happiness to the people.� The audience shouted, �Hoch! Hoch! Hoch!� �I want to share with you a secret I�ve kept for many years. I am not only an industrialist, I am a preacher.� The audience fell silent awaiting an explanation from the diminutive elder. �Yes, dear friends I am a preacher, but a very special type. I preach peace. I preach the peace that our Lord Jesus Christ desired for all mankind. As I turn and face his Majesty Wilhelm II, I see a man who also preaches peace for the world.� �When I first met the Emperor a decade ago, he told me that Europe is too small to be divided into so many small states. He said that he had long considered a plan for a federation of Europe. I asked him what such a scheme would accomplish. He answered with one word: Peace.� �Please explain to me how a federation would succeed where dozens of attempts in the past hundred years failed. He explained that it would put an end to the enormous waste of military expenditure. The savings could be used to benefit mankind by building hospitals, schools and improving the infrastructure of cities.� Some of the audience stood up and cheered while others tapped their water glasses with spoons or forks. �The Kaiser could see the joy that I felt. �I tell you Andrew,� he said, �I will aid any plan that promotes the cause of peace.�� �Hoch! Hoch! Hoch!� responded the crowd now enthralled by words of the Kaiser and Andrew. �I tell you dear friends,� said Carnegie, �that His Majesty�s hopes are more than mere words. His is a regime of action and deeds for the good of his people evidenced by efforts to regulate the hours and working condition of labor. In addition, Parliament has adopted an Old Age Pension and Life Insurance program. No where else is such a comprehensive approach to the welfare of labor found.� �Hoch! Hoch! Hoch!� �Let me add my Hoch!� said Carnegie. The audience stood up and cheered the philanthropist. �As my beloved mother used to say, �a great boaster is rarely a great performer.� Her proverb must have reached the Kaiser�s ear.� �I think that it is only fair to state that the German emperor is the moving force by instituting reforms in a way that benefits the civilized world. Peace is the result.� �I was also impressed that German agriculture has not languished under his tutorship. Testing stations abound that result in up-to-date farming methods that enable the growth of sufficient food supplies to meet the nation�s needs. This ladies and gentlemen is Peace.� �Naysayers claim that Wilhelm II threatens world peace. Those negative know-nothings forget that he has served twenty-five years upon the throne without being responsible for blood shed. His deeds equal peace. He is the peace king.� �The civilized world owes thanks to Wilhelm on this day of celebration of peace.� �May God favor your lot Wilhelm and allow you a venerable old age. Assuredly, when you are safe in God�s hands all men will revere a world leader whose hands are unstained.� The Kaiser stood up and shook Carnegie�s hand and the two of them bowed to the audience. The audience began whispering among itself as an elderly man approached the podium. He held fast to the Chancellor�s arm. �Your Majesty and dear friends, we are honored today to greet Germany�s foremost medical doctor who has spent many years tracking down the cause and cure of two banes of civilization: of tuberculosis and anthrax. Please give a hearty welcome to Nobel Prize recipient in medicine, Doctor Robert Koch.� The roar of approval lasted several minutes. Doctor Koch weakly waved his right hand seeking silence. The audience returned to its seats and the famous man began to speak in soft tones that were difficult to hear. �The man I will introduce to you is my closest friend of a dozen years. His fame increased when he discovered a cure for syphilis. For his contributions to the understanding of immunity, he received the Nobel Prize in 1910. Your Majesty, it is an honor to have Doctor Paul Ehrlich here today.� The two eminent doctors hugged each other while the audience clapped hands for several minutes. The Chancellor assisted the older man from the stage. The fifty-nine year old Ehrlich, his eyeglasses lowered several inches on his nose, spoke softly but with confidence. �I offer congratulations to our Emperor not only for, as mentioned in several speeches, his desire to keep the peace in Europe. It is more natural for me as a doctor to speak of Wilhelm�s deep interest in the natural sciences. He and I have had several private conversations and each time I became more and more impressed by the extent of his scientific knowledge. At a meeting of natural scientists last year, the Kaiser seemed to comprehend the most technical points offered up by the cream of that science.� �Our Emperor supports the investigation of vital problems in biology and medicine. For the past decade, he was a driving force in the establishment of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Advancement of Science. The purpose of the society is to promote science throughout Germany by founding and maintaining research institutions independent of the state.� �The first directors of the several institutions were Walter Bothe, Peter Debye, Albert Einstein, Fritz Haber and Werner Heisenberg. Their names and accomplishments will long meet the test of time.� �Up until this year the Kaiser Wilhelm Society has erected laboratories for the advanced study of biology, biochemistry, brain research, organic chemistry, coal research experimental therapy, animal breeding research, physical chemistry, electrochemistry, occupational physiology, textile chemistry, and vine breeding.� �No other nation has attempted to push forward the search for scientific knowledge as Germany. Thanks to the intellectual curiosity of Kaiser Wilhelm II, Germany is an intellectual power worthy of the world�s respect. Everyone in today�s audience prays that your reign continues for another twenty-five years or more. Science needs your support. Germany needs your support. Our schoolchildren need your support.� �God bless our Emperor!� �Hoch! Hoch! Hoch!� Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg waited until Doctor Ehrlich returned to his seat. �Thank you Paul, for your incisive report. Our next speaker if Lord Blyth, in spite of his broken ankle caused in a recent game of cricket, insisted in attending the Kaiser�s Anniversary. Since it is difficult for him to stand, our clever program staff provided him with a wheel chair. Lord Blyth has written many articles on agriculture as well as commercial conditions in Great Britain. He is the treasurer of the British Tuberculosis Congress. In 1908, he chaired the Organization Committee of the Franco-British Exhibition that brought rave press reviews. Please welcome his lordship.� The audience gave the Englishman a muted applause. �In spite of my handicap, Your Majesty, I would not have missed your Anniversary. I bring you greetings from His Majesty King George V.� �These are the times that history will entitle, �The Era of Peace Sought; Peace Found.�� �During the past twenty-five years that Wilhelm II guided his nation with the whole- hearted support of his people, peace was his great priority. Great Britain feels safer because of the Kaiser�s steadfast demand for peace.� �I, therefore, believe that he is the central factor of the German foreign policy of peace among Germany�s neighbors. Naturally, it is true that Wilhelm desires that Germany grows so strong that others dare not provoke her to war. We all know that there are elements in every country that seek a defect in the German armor. Thank God, that during the past twenty-five years they found none.� �Kaiser Wilhelm told me at the recent Kiel Canal regatta that he abhors war. He said �Peace is best for Germany. No matter how successful in a test of arms Germany has far more to gain from peace than from great victories on land or sea.�� �We British are amazed and pleased at Germany�s remarkable and ever-increasing economic prosperity during the past twenty-five years. The Kaiser�s imprint is on every economic step forward.� �At my residence, the Kaiser availed himself of the opportunity to relate how much he deplored the war-like tone of the British press. He sought my assistance in Parliament in seeking a friendlier attitude toward Germany. �I hope,� he said, �a friendly attitude toward Germany would grow as the English people understood that Germany has the greatest fear of war. I suffer from nightmares about the destructive power of war.�� �Wilhelm mentioned that King Edward, a genuine peacemaker, believed in the necessity for an Anglo-German entente. �Before our beloved King died, he told me that neither Britain nor Germany is in the service of evil that has often led to the destruction of warring nations.� �I offer my congratulations to Emperor Wilhelm I and wish him long life and success in his desire for peace.�

At the conclusion of the dinner, Chancellor Theobald Bethmann-Hollweg opened the congratulatory part of the program with a toast to His Imperial and Royal Majesty Wilhelm II Hohenzollern, by the Grace of God, German Emperor and King of Prussia. We, the assembled here, renew our faith in a man so various that he seems guided by the Grace and hand of God. Long live our Emperor!� �Hoch! Hoch! Hoch!� exclaimed the guests, each one clinking his neighbors� wine glass. �Due to the long list of tonight�s speakers, it has been agreed that each personage will limit their speeches to five minutes. At the end of the ceremonies, guests are welcome to view the many gifts presented to His Majesty in honor of his twenty-fifth anniversary.� �With His Majesty�s permission, I wish to present Herr Andrew Carnegie from America. Herr Carnegie, a Scottish-born American is an industrialist turned philanthropist. As is well known worldwide, he built Pittsburgh�s Carnegie Steel Company. With his fortune made, the man of humble beginnings turned to philanthropy with special interests in education.� �With unselfish thoughts, he founded the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. From his adopted Pennsylvania home, he endowed the Carnegie University and Carnegie museums. Over the years, his generosity led to the establishment of many libraries, schools, and universities in America.� �In spite of his busy daily schedule, Andrew Carnegie found time to write several books, including the well received �Gospel of Wealth, and dozens of magazine and newspaper articles.� �It is with great pleasure that I offer the podium to Herr Andrew Carnegie.� �Thank you, Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg.� The Chancellor who stood a foot higher than the American bent forward to shake Carnegie�s hand which led to a titter among the audience. After spreading his notepaper on the lectern, the philanthropist turned to the Emperor. �Thank you very much, Your Majesty, for inviting me here today.� Wilhelm nodded several times exposing a broad grin. Carnegie�s carefully trimmed white beard glowed under a dozen closely placed incandescent lights. The audience saw a kindly, old man�s face that looked more like a favorite uncle that a millionaire. �I bring greetings and congratulations to His Majesty from the great metropolis of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania populated by a half-million German descendents.� His voice revealed a hint of Scottish burr. �The world�s greatest steel producing center lies between the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers that join to create the great Ohio River that opened the West to adventurous Americans.� �At the time Germany was unified in 1871, Pittsburgh was a village of 75,000 inhabitants. Today, it is a thriving metropolis, the fifth largest city in the United States. It was steel that created work for thousands of families. Steel provided them with schools, hospitals, fine roads and tall buildings.� �At the same time we learned that Berlin was on a parallel growth pattern. I believe that such growth is the result of peace throughout both lands. We can all agree that war is absent as economic growth brings full bellies and general happiness to the people.� The audience shouted, �Hoch! Hoch! Hoch!� �I want to share with you a secret I�ve kept for many years. I am not only an industrialist, I am a preacher.� The audience fell silent awaiting an explanation from the diminutive elder. �Yes, dear friends I am a preacher, but a very special type. I preach peace. I preach the peace that our Lord Jesus Christ desired for all mankind. As I turn and face his Majesty Wilhelm II, I see a man who also preaches peace for the world.� �When I first met the Emperor a decade ago, he told me that Europe is too small to be divided into so many small states. He said that he had long considered a plan for a federation of Europe. I asked him what such a scheme would accomplish. He answered with one word: Peace.� �Please explain to me how a federation would succeed where dozens of attempts in the past hundred years failed. He explained that it would put an end to the enormous waste of military expenditure. The savings could be used to benefit mankind by building hospitals, schools and improving the infrastructure of cities.� Some of the audience stood up and cheered while others tapped their water glasses with spoons or forks. �The Kaiser could see the joy that I felt. �I tell you Andrew,� he said, �I will aid any plan that promotes the cause of peace.�� �Hoch! Hoch! Hoch!� responded the crowd now enthralled by words of the Kaiser and Andrew. �I tell you dear friends,� said Carnegie, �that His Majesty�s hopes are more than mere words. His is a regime of action and deeds for the good of his people evidenced by efforts to regulate the hours and working condition of labor. In addition, Parliament has adopted an Old Age Pension and Life Insurance program. No where else is such a comprehensive approach to the welfare of labor found.� �Hoch! Hoch! Hoch!� �Let me add my Hoch!� said Carnegie. The audience stood up and cheered the philanthropist. �As my beloved mother used to say, �a great boaster is rarely a great performer.� Her proverb must have reached the Kaiser�s ear.� �I think that it is only fair to state that the German emperor is the moving force by instituting reforms in a way that benefits the civilized world. Peace is the result.� �I was also impressed that German agriculture has not languished under his tutorship. Testing stations abound that result in up-to-date farming methods that enable the growth of sufficient food supplies to meet the nation�s needs. This ladies and gentlemen is Peace.� �Naysayers claim that Wilhelm II threatens world peace. Those negative know-nothings forget that he has served twenty-five years upon the throne without being responsible for blood shed. His deeds equal peace. He is the peace king.� �The civilized world owes thanks to Wilhelm on this day of celebration of peace.� �May God favor your lot Wilhelm and allow you a venerable old age. Assuredly, when you are safe in God�s hands all men will revere a world leader whose hands are unstained.� The Kaiser stood up and shook Carnegie�s hand and the two of them bowed to the audience. The audience began whispering among itself as an elderly man approached the podium. He held fast to the Chancellor�s arm. �Your Majesty and dear friends, we are honored today to greet Germany�s foremost medical doctor who has spent many years tracking down the cause and cure of two banes of civilization: of tuberculosis and anthrax. Please give a hearty welcome to Nobel Prize recipient in medicine, Doctor Robert Koch.� The roar of approval lasted several minutes. Doctor Koch weakly waved his right hand seeking silence. The audience returned to its seats and the famous man began to speak in soft tones that were difficult to hear. �The man I will introduce to you is my closest friend of a dozen years. His fame increased when he discovered a cure for syphilis. For his contributions to the understanding of immunity, he received the Nobel Prize in 1910. Your Majesty, it is an honor to have Doctor Paul Ehrlich here today.� The two eminent doctors hugged each other while the audience clapped hands for several minutes. The Chancellor assisted the older man from the stage. The fifty-nine year old Ehrlich, his eyeglasses lowered several inches on his nose, spoke softly but with confidence. �I offer congratulations to our Emperor not only for, as mentioned in several speeches, his desire to keep the peace in Europe. It is more natural for me as a doctor to speak of Wilhelm�s deep interest in the natural sciences. He and I have had several private conversations and each time I became more and more impressed by the extent of his scientific knowledge. At a meeting of natural scientists last year, the Kaiser seemed to comprehend the most technical points offered up by the cream of that science.� �Our Emperor supports the investigation of vital problems in biology and medicine. For the past decade, he was a driving force in the establishment of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Advancement of Science. The purpose of the society is to promote science throughout Germany by founding and maintaining research institutions independent of the state.� �The first directors of the several institutions were Walter Bothe, Peter Debye, Albert Einstein, Fritz Haber and Werner Heisenberg. Their names and accomplishments will long meet the test of time.� �Up until this year the Kaiser Wilhelm Society has erected laboratories for the advanced study of biology, biochemistry, brain research, organic chemistry, coal research experimental therapy, animal breeding research, physical chemistry, electrochemistry, occupational physiology, textile chemistry, and vine breeding.� �No other nation has attempted to push forward the search for scientific knowledge as Germany. Thanks to the intellectual curiosity of Kaiser Wilhelm II, Germany is an intellectual power worthy of the world�s respect. Everyone in today�s audience prays that your reign continues for another twenty-five years or more. Science needs your support. Germany needs your support. Our schoolchildren need your support.� �God bless our Emperor!� �Hoch! Hoch! Hoch!� Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg waited until Doctor Ehrlich returned to his seat. �Thank you Paul, for your incisive report. Our next speaker if Lord Blyth, in spite of his broken ankle caused in a recent game of cricket, insisted in attending the Kaiser�s Anniversary. Since it is difficult for him to stand, our clever program staff provided him with a wheel chair. Lord Blyth has written many articles on agriculture as well as commercial conditions in Great Britain. He is the treasurer of the British Tuberculosis Congress. In 1908, he chaired the Organization Committee of the Franco-British Exhibition that brought rave press reviews. Please welcome his lordship.� The audience gave the Englishman a muted applause. �In spite of my handicap, Your Majesty, I would not have missed your Anniversary. I bring you greetings from His Majesty King George V.� �These are the times that history will entitle, �The Era of Peace Sought; Peace Found.�� �During the past twenty-five years that Wilhelm II guided his nation with the whole- hearted support of his people, peace was his great priority. Great Britain feels safer because of the Kaiser�s steadfast demand for peace.� �I, therefore, believe that he is the central factor of the German foreign policy of peace among Germany�s neighbors. Naturally, it is true that Wilhelm desires that Germany grows so strong that others dare not provoke her to war. We all know that there are elements in every country that seek a defect in the German armor. Thank God, that during the past twenty-five years they found none.� �Kaiser Wilhelm told me at the recent Kiel Canal regatta that he abhors war. He said �Peace is best for Germany. No matter how successful in a test of arms Germany has far more to gain from peace than from great victories on land or sea.�� �We British are amazed and pleased at Germany�s remarkable and ever-increasing economic prosperity during the past twenty-five years. The Kaiser�s imprint is on every economic step forward.� �At my residence, the Kaiser availed himself of the opportunity to relate how much he deplored the war-like tone of the British press. He sought my assistance in Parliament in seeking a friendlier attitude toward Germany. �I hope,� he said, �a friendly attitude toward Germany would grow as the English people understood that Germany has the greatest fear of war. I suffer from nightmares about the destructive power of war.�� �Wilhelm mentioned that King Edward, a genuine peacemaker, believed in the necessity for an Anglo-German entente. �Before our beloved King died, he told me that neither Britain nor Germany is in the service of evil that has often led to the destruction of warring nations.� �I offer my congratulations to Emperor Wilhelm I and wish him long life and success in his desire for peace.�

At the conclusion of the dinner, Chancellor Theobald Bethmann-Hollweg opened the congratulatory part of the program with a toast to His Imperial and Royal Majesty Wilhelm II Hohenzollern, by the Grace of God, German Emperor and King of Prussia. We, the assembled here, renew our faith in a man so various that he seems guided by the Grace and hand of God. Long live our Emperor!� �Hoch! Hoch! Hoch!� exclaimed the guests, each one clinking his neighbors� wine glass. �Due to the long list of tonight�s speakers, it has been agreed that each personage will limit their speeches to five minutes. At the end of the ceremonies, guests are welcome to view the many gifts presented to His Majesty in honor of his twenty-fifth anniversary.� �With His Majesty�s permission, I wish to present Herr Andrew Carnegie from America. Herr Carnegie, a Scottish-born American is an industrialist turned philanthropist. As is well known worldwide, he built Pittsburgh�s Carnegie Steel Company. With his fortune made, the man of humble beginnings turned to philanthropy with special interests in education.� �With unselfish thoughts, he founded the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. From his adopted Pennsylvania home, he endowed the Carnegie University and Carnegie museums. Over the years, his generosity led to the establishment of many libraries, schools, and universities in America.� �In spite of his busy daily schedule, Andrew Carnegie found time to write several books, including the well received �Gospel of Wealth, and dozens of magazine and newspaper articles.� �It is with great pleasure that I offer the podium to Herr Andrew Carnegie.� �Thank you, Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg.� The Chancellor who stood a foot higher than the American bent forward to shake Carnegie�s hand which led to a titter among the audience. After spreading his notepaper on the lectern, the philanthropist turned to the Emperor. �Thank you very much, Your Majesty, for inviting me here today.� Wilhelm nodded several times exposing a broad grin. Carnegie�s carefully trimmed white beard glowed under a dozen closely placed incandescent lights. The audience saw a kindly, old man�s face that looked more like a favorite uncle that a millionaire. �I bring greetings and congratulations to His Majesty from the great metropolis of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania populated by a half-million German descendents.� His voice revealed a hint of Scottish burr. �The world�s greatest steel producing center lies between the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers that join to create the great Ohio River that opened the West to adventurous Americans.� �At the time Germany was unified in 1871, Pittsburgh was a village of 75,000 inhabitants. Today, it is a thriving metropolis, the fifth largest city in the United States. It was steel that created work for thousands of families. Steel provided them with schools, hospitals, fine roads and tall buildings.� �At the same time we learned that Berlin was on a parallel growth pattern. I believe that such growth is the result of peace throughout both lands. We can all agree that war is absent as economic growth brings full bellies and general happiness to the people.� The audience shouted, �Hoch! Hoch! Hoch!� �I want to share with you a secret I�ve kept for many years. I am not only an industrialist, I am a preacher.� The audience fell silent awaiting an explanation from the diminutive elder. �Yes, dear friends I am a preacher, but a very special type. I preach peace. I preach the peace that our Lord Jesus Christ desired for all mankind. As I turn and face his Majesty Wilhelm II, I see a man who also preaches peace for the world.� �When I first met the Emperor a decade ago, he told me that Europe is too small to be divided into so many small states. He said that he had long considered a plan for a federation of Europe. I asked him what such a scheme would accomplish. He answered with one word: Peace.� �Please explain to me how a federation would succeed where dozens of attempts in the past hundred years failed. He explained that it would put an end to the enormous waste of military expenditure. The savings could be used to benefit mankind by building hospitals, schools and improving the infrastructure of cities.� Some of the audience stood up and cheered while others tapped their water glasses with spoons or forks. �The Kaiser could see the joy that I felt. �I tell you Andrew,� he said, �I will aid any plan that promotes the cause of peace.�� �Hoch! Hoch! Hoch!� responded the crowd now enthralled by words of the Kaiser and Andrew. �I tell you dear friends,� said Carnegie, �that His Majesty�s hopes are more than mere words. His is a regime of action and deeds for the good of his people evidenced by efforts to regulate the hours and working condition of labor. In addition, Parliament has adopted an Old Age Pension and Life Insurance program. No where else is such a comprehensive approach to the welfare of labor found.� �Hoch! Hoch! Hoch!� �Let me add my Hoch!� said Carnegie. The audience stood up and cheered the philanthropist. �As my beloved mother used to say, �a great boaster is rarely a great performer.� Her proverb must have reached the Kaiser�s ear.� �I think that it is only fair to state that the German emperor is the moving force by instituting reforms in a way that benefits the civilized world. Peace is the result.� �I was also impressed that German agriculture has not languished under his tutorship. Testing stations abound that result in up-to-date farming methods that enable the growth of sufficient food supplies to meet the nation�s needs. This ladies and gentlemen is Peace.� �Naysayers claim that Wilhelm II threatens world peace. Those negative know-nothings forget that he has served twenty-five years upon the throne without being responsible for blood shed. His deeds equal peace. He is the peace king.� �The civilized world owes thanks to Wilhelm on this day of celebration of peace.� �May God favor your lot Wilhelm and allow you a venerable old age. Assuredly, when you are safe in God�s hands all men will revere a world leader whose hands are unstained.� The Kaiser stood up and shook Carnegie�s hand and the two of them bowed to the audience. The audience began whispering among itself as an elderly man approached the podium. He held fast to the Chancellor�s arm. �Your Majesty and dear friends, we are honored today to greet Germany�s foremost medical doctor who has spent many years tracking down the cause and cure of two banes of civilization: of tuberculosis and anthrax. Please give a hearty welcome to Nobel Prize recipient in medicine, Doctor Robert Koch.� The roar of approval lasted several minutes. Doctor Koch weakly waved his right hand seeking silence. The audience returned to its seats and the famous man began to speak in soft tones that were difficult to hear. �The man I will introduce to you is my closest friend of a dozen years. His fame increased when he discovered a cure for syphilis. For his contributions to the understanding of immunity, he received the Nobel Prize in 1910. Your Majesty, it is an honor to have Doctor Paul Ehrlich here today.� The two eminent doctors hugged each other while the audience clapped hands for several minutes. The Chancellor assisted the older man from the stage. The fifty-nine year old Ehrlich, his eyeglasses lowered several inches on his nose, spoke softly but with confidence. �I offer congratulations to our Emperor not only for, as mentioned in several speeches, his desire to keep the peace in Europe. It is more natural for me as a doctor to speak of Wilhelm�s deep interest in the natural sciences. He and I have had several private conversations and each time I became more and more impressed by the extent of his scientific knowledge. At a meeting of natural scientists last year, the Kaiser seemed to comprehend the most technical points offered up by the cream of that science.� �Our Emperor supports the investigation of vital problems in biology and medicine. For the past decade, he was a driving force in the establishment of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Advancement of Science. The purpose of the society is to promote science throughout Germany by founding and maintaining research institutions independent of the state.� �The first directors of the several institutions were Walter Bothe, Peter Debye, Albert Einstein, Fritz Haber and Werner Heisenberg. Their names and accomplishments will long meet the test of time.� �Up until this year the Kaiser Wilhelm Society has erected laboratories for the advanced study of biology, biochemistry, brain research, organic chemistry, coal research experimental therapy, animal breeding research, physical chemistry, electrochemistry, occupational physiology, textile chemistry, and vine breeding.� �No other nation has attempted to push forward the search for scientific knowledge as Germany. Thanks to the intellectual curiosity of Kaiser Wilhelm II, Germany is an intellectual power worthy of the world�s respect. Everyone in today�s audience prays that your reign continues for another twenty-five years or more. Science needs your support. Germany needs your support. Our schoolchildren need your support.� �God bless our Emperor!� �Hoch! Hoch! Hoch!� Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg waited until Doctor Ehrlich returned to his seat. �Thank you Paul, for your incisive report. Our next speaker if Lord Blyth, in spite of his broken ankle caused in a recent game of cricket, insisted in attending the Kaiser�s Anniversary. Since it is difficult for him to stand, our clever program staff provided him with a wheel chair. Lord Blyth has written many articles on agriculture as well as commercial conditions in Great Britain. He is the treasurer of the British Tuberculosis Congress. In 1908, he chaired the Organization Committee of the Franco-British Exhibition that brought rave press reviews. Please welcome his lordship.� The audience gave the Englishman a muted applause. �In spite of my handicap, Your Majesty, I would not have missed your Anniversary. I bring you greetings from His Majesty King George V.� �These are the times that history will entitle, �The Era of Peace Sought; Peace Found.�� �During the past twenty-five years that Wilhelm II guided his nation with the whole- hearted support of his people, peace was his great priority. Great Britain feels safer because of the Kaiser�s steadfast demand for peace.� �I, therefore, believe that he is the central factor of the German foreign policy of peace among Germany�s neighbors. Naturally, it is true that Wilhelm desires that Germany grows so strong that others dare not provoke her to war. We all know that there are elements in every country that seek a defect in the German armor. Thank God, that during the past twenty-five years they found none.� �Kaiser Wilhelm told me at the recent Kiel Canal regatta that he abhors war. He said �Peace is best for Germany. No matter how successful in a test of arms Germany has far more to gain from peace than from great victories on land or sea.�� �We British are amazed and pleased at Germany�s remarkable and ever-increasing economic prosperity during the past twenty-five years. The Kaiser�s imprint is on every economic step forward.� �At my residence, the Kaiser availed himself of the opportunity to relate how much he deplored the war-like tone of the British press. He sought my assistance in Parliament in seeking a friendlier attitude toward Germany. �I hope,� he said, �a friendly attitude toward Germany would grow as the English people understood that Germany has the greatest fear of war. I suffer from nightmares about the destructive power of war.�� �Wilhelm mentioned that King Edward, a genuine peacemaker, believed in the necessity for an Anglo-German entente. �Before our beloved King died, he told me that neither Britain nor Germany is in the service of evil that has often led to the destruction of warring nations.� �I offer my congratulations to Emperor Wilhelm I and wish him long life and success in his desire for peace.�

At the conclusion of the dinner, Chancellor Theobald Bethmann-Hollweg opened the congratulatory part of the program with a toast to His Imperial and Royal Majesty Wilhelm II Hohenzollern, by the Grace of God, German Emperor and King of Prussia. We, the assembled here, renew our faith in a man so various that he seems guided by the Grace and hand of God. Long live our Emperor!� �Hoch! Hoch! Hoch!� exclaimed the guests, each one clinking his neighbors� wine glass. �Due to the long list of tonight�s speakers, it has been agreed that each personage will limit their speeches to five minutes. At the end of the ceremonies, guests are welcome to view the many gifts presented to His Majesty in honor of his twenty-fifth anniversary.� �With His Majesty�s permission, I wish to present Herr Andrew Carnegie from America. Herr Carnegie, a Scottish-born American is an industrialist turned philanthropist. As is well known worldwide, he built Pittsburgh�s Carnegie Steel Company. With his fortune made, the man of humble beginnings turned to philanthropy with special interests in education.� �With unselfish thoughts, he founded the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. From his adopted Pennsylvania home, he endowed the Carnegie University and Carnegie museums. Over the years, his generosity led to the establishment of many libraries, schools, and universities in America.� �In spite of his busy daily schedule, Andrew Carnegie found time to write several books, including the well received �Gospel of Wealth, and dozens of magazine and newspaper articles.� �It is with great pleasure that I offer the podium to Herr Andrew Carnegie.� �Thank you, Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg.� The Chancellor who stood a foot higher than the American bent forward to shake Carnegie�s hand which led to a titter among the audience. After spreading his notepaper on the lectern, the philanthropist turned to the Emperor. �Thank you very much, Your Majesty, for inviting me here today.� Wilhelm nodded several times exposing a broad grin. Carnegie�s carefully trimmed white beard glowed under a dozen closely placed incandescent lights. The audience saw a kindly, old man�s face that looked more like a favorite uncle that a millionaire. �I bring greetings and congratulations to His Majesty from the great metropolis of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania populated by a half-million German descendents.� His voice revealed a hint of Scottish burr. �The world�s greatest steel producing center lies between the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers that join to create the great Ohio River that opened the West to adventurous Americans.� �At the time Germany was unified in 1871, Pittsburgh was a village of 75,000 inhabitants. Today, it is a thriving metropolis, the fifth largest city in the United States. It was steel that created work for thousands of families. Steel provided them with schools, hospitals, fine roads and tall buildings.� �At the same time we learned that Berlin was on a parallel growth pattern. I believe that such growth is the result of peace throughout both lands. We can all agree that war is absent as economic growth brings full bellies and general happiness to the people.� The audience shouted, �Hoch! Hoch! Hoch!� �I want to share with you a secret I�ve kept for many years. I am not only an industrialist, I am a preacher.� The audience fell silent awaiting an explanation from the diminutive elder. �Yes, dear friends I am a preacher, but a very special type. I preach peace. I preach the peace that our Lord Jesus Christ desired for all mankind. As I turn and face his Majesty Wilhelm II, I see a man who also preaches peace for the world.� �When I first met the Emperor a decade ago, he told me that Europe is too small to be divided into so many small states. He said that he had long considered a plan for a federation of Europe. I asked him what such a scheme would accomplish. He answered with one word: Peace.� �Please explain to me how a federation would succeed where dozens of attempts in the past hundred years failed. He explained that it would put an end to the enormous waste of military expenditure. The savings could be used to benefit mankind by building hospitals, schools and improving the infrastructure of cities.� Some of the audience stood up and cheered while others tapped their water glasses with spoons or forks. �The Kaiser could see the joy that I felt. �I tell you Andrew,� he said, �I will aid any plan that promotes the cause of peace.�� �Hoch! Hoch! Hoch!� responded the crowd now enthralled by words of the Kaiser and Andrew. �I tell you dear friends,� said Carnegie, �that His Majesty�s hopes are more than mere words. His is a regime of action and deeds for the good of his people evidenced by efforts to regulate the hours and working condition of labor. In addition, Parliament has adopted an Old Age Pension and Life Insurance program. No where else is such a comprehensive approach to the welfare of labor found.� �Hoch! Hoch! Hoch!� �Let me add my Hoch!� said Carnegie. The audience stood up and cheered the philanthropist. �As my beloved mother used to say, �a great boaster is rarely a great performer.� Her proverb must have reached the Kaiser�s ear.� �I think that it is only fair to state that the German emperor is the moving force by instituting reforms in a way that benefits the civilized world. Peace is the result.� �I was also impressed that German agriculture has not languished under his tutorship. Testing stations abound that result in up-to-date farming methods that enable the growth of sufficient food supplies to meet the nation�s needs. This ladies and gentlemen is Peace.� �Naysayers claim that Wilhelm II threatens world peace. Those negative know-nothings forget that he has served twenty-five years upon the throne without being responsible for blood shed. His deeds equal peace. He is the peace king.� �The civilized world owes thanks to Wilhelm on this day of celebration of peace.� �May God favor your lot Wilhelm and allow you a venerable old age. Assuredly, when you are safe in God�s hands all men will revere a world leader whose hands are unstained.� The Kaiser stood up and shook Carnegie�s hand and the two of them bowed to the audience. The audience began whispering among itself as an elderly man approached the podium. He held fast to the Chancellor�s arm. �Your Majesty and dear friends, we are honored today to greet Germany�s foremost medical doctor who has spent many years tracking down the cause and cure of two banes of civilization: of tuberculosis and anthrax. Please give a hearty welcome to Nobel Prize recipient in medicine, Doctor Robert Koch.� The roar of approval lasted several minutes. Doctor Koch weakly waved his right hand seeking silence. The audience returned to its seats and the famous man began to speak in soft tones that were difficult to hear. �The man I will introduce to you is my closest friend of a dozen years. His fame increased when he discovered a cure for syphilis. For his contributions to the understanding of immunity, he received the Nobel Prize in 1910. Your Majesty, it is an honor to have Doctor Paul Ehrlich here today.� The two eminent doctors hugged each other while the audience clapped hands for several minutes. The Chancellor assisted the older man from the stage. The fifty-nine year old Ehrlich, his eyeglasses lowered several inches on his nose, spoke softly but with confidence. �I offer congratulations to our Emperor not only for, as mentioned in several speeches, his desire to keep the peace in Europe. It is more natural for me as a doctor to speak of Wilhelm�s deep interest in the natural sciences. He and I have had several private conversations and each time I became more and more impressed by the extent of his scientific knowledge. At a meeting of natural scientists last year, the Kaiser seemed to comprehend the most technical points offered up by the cream of that science.� �Our Emperor supports the investigation of vital problems in biology and medicine. For the past decade, he was a driving force in the establishment of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Advancement of Science. The purpose of the society is to promote science throughout Germany by founding and maintaining research institutions independent of the state.� �The first directors of the several institutions were Walter Bothe, Peter Debye, Albert Einstein, Fritz Haber and Werner Heisenberg. Their names and accomplishments will long meet the test of time.� �Up until this year the Kaiser Wilhelm Society has erected laboratories for the advanced study of biology, biochemistry, brain research, organic chemistry, coal research experimental therapy, animal breeding research, physical chemistry, electrochemistry, occupational physiology, textile chemistry, and vine breeding.� �No other nation has attempted to push forward the search for scientific knowledge as Germany. Thanks to the intellectual curiosity of Kaiser Wilhelm II, Germany is an intellectual power worthy of the world�s respect. Everyone in today�s audience prays that your reign continues for another twenty-five years or more. Science needs your support. Germany needs your support. Our schoolchildren need your support.� �God bless our Emperor!� �Hoch! Hoch! Hoch!� Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg waited until Doctor Ehrlich returned to his seat. �Thank you Paul, for your incisive report. Our next speaker if Lord Blyth, in spite of his broken ankle caused in a recent game of cricket, insisted in attending the Kaiser�s Anniversary. Since it is difficult for him to stand, our clever program staff provided him with a wheel chair. Lord Blyth has written many articles on agriculture as well as commercial conditions in Great Britain. He is the treasurer of the British Tuberculosis Congress. In 1908, he chaired the Organization Committee of the Franco-British Exhibition that brought rave press reviews. Please welcome his lordship.� The audience gave the Englishman a muted applause. �In spite of my handicap, Your Majesty, I would not have missed your Anniversary. I bring you greetings from His Majesty King George V.� �These are the times that history will entitle, �The Era of Peace Sought; Peace Found.�� �During the past twenty-five years that Wilhelm II guided his nation with the whole- hearted support of his people, peace was his great priority. Great Britain feels safer because of the Kaiser�s steadfast demand for peace.� �I, therefore, believe that he is the central factor of the German foreign policy of peace among Germany�s neighbors. Naturally, it is true that Wilhelm desires that Germany grows so strong that others dare not provoke her to war. We all know that there are elements in every country that seek a defect in the German armor. Thank God, that during the past twenty-five years they found none.� �Kaiser Wilhelm told me at the recent Kiel Canal regatta that he abhors war. He said �Peace is best for Germany. No matter how successful in a test of arms Germany has far more to gain from peace than from great victories on land or sea.�� �We British are amazed and pleased at Germany�s remarkable and ever-increasing economic prosperity during the past twenty-five years. The Kaiser�s imprint is on every economic step forward.� �At my residence, the Kaiser availed himself of the opportunity to relate how much he deplored the war-like tone of the British press. He sought my assistance in Parliament in seeking a friendlier attitude toward Germany. �I hope,� he said, �a friendly attitude toward Germany would grow as the English people understood that Germany has the greatest fear of war. I suffer from nightmares about the destructive power of war.�� �Wilhelm mentioned that King Edward, a genuine peacemaker, believed in the necessity for an Anglo-German entente. �Before our beloved King died, he told me that neither Britain nor Germany is in the service of evil that has often led to the destruction of warring nations.� �I offer my congratulations to Emperor Wilhelm I and wish him long life and success in his desire for peace.�

The Nine Lives of Julius is the untold true story of a young man whose life was forever changed by World War II and its aftermath. This is a tale of survival, friendship, and love.

As a teenager, Julius was taken by the Nazis to work in a labor camp outside of Auschwitz.

After escaping the labor camp, he joined the Czech underground where he fought against the Nazis during the Czech uprising.

After the war, the communists attempted to arrest him for helping his twin brother escape Czechoslovakia. He had to immediately flee without a farewell to his family or his first true love.

As a young man, he performed espionage missions against the communists. On one of these missions, he was shot and captured by the Czech border police. He spent the next several years in communist prison and labor camps.

Eventually, Julius escapes the labor camps and flees into Germany where he joins with a new unit of the US Army called the Green Berets.

Julius� compelling story tells about wartime hardships and how he somehow managed to cheat death so many times. His story reveals the good in people and of the wonderful friendships that helped him to survive.

The Nine Lives of Julius is the untold true story of a young man whose life was forever changed by World War II and its aftermath. This is a tale of survival, friendship, and love.

As a teenager, Julius was taken by the Nazis to work in a labor camp outside of Auschwitz.

After escaping the labor camp, he joined the Czech underground where he fought against the Nazis during the Czech uprising.

After the war, the communists attempted to arrest him for helping his twin brother escape Czechoslovakia. He had to immediately flee without a farewell to his family or his first true love.

As a young man, he performed espionage missions against the communists. On one of these missions, he was shot and captured by the Czech border police. He spent the next several years in communist prison and labor camps.

Eventually, Julius escapes the labor camps and flees into Germany where he joins with a new unit of the US Army called the Green Berets.

Julius� compelling story tells about wartime hardships and how he somehow managed to cheat death so many times. His story reveals the good in people and of the wonderful friendships that helped him to survive.

No Description Available.

No Description Available.

During Ruth Stern’s childhood, Nazi Germany was rising to power. After Ruth turned sixteen, she wanted out. Too old for the children’s transport, Ruth’s mother let her sneak into then neutral-Holland without realizing they would lose touch for nearly a decade. Across the border, a home for child refugees took Ruth in. When Germany invaded Holland, the group was shuffled around from place to place until Ruth arrived in the city of Winterswijk where a Rabbi’s family took her in. There, she fell in love with Jesse Kropveld who later became her fiancé. Laws were becoming increasingly harsh for Jewish people, and Jesse’s family took her along with them into hiding. Tragically, the group was forced to divide. Under the protection of the Dutch resistance movement, Ruth endured a heart-wrenching journey across Holland with close Nazi encounters as told in her biography, Nevertheless We Lived.

Fire Burn is based on diaries kept during World War II by a single, young professional woman, Irene Zarina White. From September 1939 through May 1946 Irene lived under four different governments: the Republic of Latvia, the Soviet Union, Nazi Germany, and the United States Occupation. She carefully recorded the details of each government´s regime, World War II in full swing, and her everyday challenges. She met a remarkable variety of people who became astonishingly candid in her presence. And she documented it all. [For a sample click below to read about her encounter on a crowded train with an undercover Gestapo officer.]

Irene survived the Soviet occupation of her home country, Latvia, an ancient multicultural crossroads of East and West at the Baltic Sea. In Fire Burn, she describes that last year of peace while she studied chemical engineering at the University of Latvia. Then in 1940 two days after graduating (the only female among 150 students) the Soviets invaded. Terrible months of terror, torture, arrests, and deprivation followed for the citizens of Latvia.

Leaving extended family behind, Irene and her mother were able to escape to Germany where another horror awaited them – the Nazi Regime. Irene endured the long war years, working as a research chemist in a large chemical plant near Frankfurt am Main. She and her mother suffered hunger, cold, and the daily fear of death from continuous Allied bombing. “We survived by the grace of God,” she says.

Liberation from this harsh existence came in the form of American Occupation Forces in the spring of 1945, three days before Easter. Finally the bombing raids ended, but hunger persisited. No food was provided or could be bought. Irene found a job working for the U.S. Army - first as a secretary, then a dining hall hostess. She underwent and recorded entirely new and unexpected experiences in these roles. She met and a year later married a young American scientist, Dr. Merit Penniman White, who had previously worked with Albert Einstein on the Atomic Bomb.

So in 1946, a new life as wife, mother, college teacher and researcher - as well as a new country - awaited her. Now sixty years after the end of World War II, and after turning ninety herself, Irene Zarina White is ready to impart her war time experiences. She wants to share her story with those few who also remember the war, as well as with new generations who could learn so much from her very personal piece of history.

Fire Burn is based on diaries kept during World War II by a single, young professional woman, Irene Zarina White. From September 1939 through May 1946 Irene lived under four different governments: the Republic of Latvia, the Soviet Union, Nazi Germany, and the United States Occupation. She carefully recorded the details of each government´s regime, World War II in full swing, and her everyday challenges. She met a remarkable variety of people who became astonishingly candid in her presence. And she documented it all. [For a sample click below to read about her encounter on a crowded train with an undercover Gestapo officer.]

Irene survived the Soviet occupation of her home country, Latvia, an ancient multicultural crossroads of East and West at the Baltic Sea. In Fire Burn, she describes that last year of peace while she studied chemical engineering at the University of Latvia. Then in 1940 two days after graduating (the only female among 150 students) the Soviets invaded. Terrible months of terror, torture, arrests, and deprivation followed for the citizens of Latvia.

Leaving extended family behind, Irene and her mother were able to escape to Germany where another horror awaited them – the Nazi Regime. Irene endured the long war years, working as a research chemist in a large chemical plant near Frankfurt am Main. She and her mother suffered hunger, cold, and the daily fear of death from continuous Allied bombing. “We survived by the grace of God,” she says.

Liberation from this harsh existence came in the form of American Occupation Forces in the spring of 1945, three days before Easter. Finally the bombing raids ended, but hunger persisited. No food was provided or could be bought. Irene found a job working for the U.S. Army - first as a secretary, then a dining hall hostess. She underwent and recorded entirely new and unexpected experiences in these roles. She met and a year later married a young American scientist, Dr. Merit Penniman White, who had previously worked with Albert Einstein on the Atomic Bomb.

So in 1946, a new life as wife, mother, college teacher and researcher - as well as a new country - awaited her. Now sixty years after the end of World War II, and after turning ninety herself, Irene Zarina White is ready to impart her war time experiences. She wants to share her story with those few who also remember the war, as well as with new generations who could learn so much from her very personal piece of history.

Fire Burn is based on diaries kept during World War II by a single, young professional woman, Irene Zarina White. From September 1939 through May 1946 Irene lived under four different governments: the Republic of Latvia, the Soviet Union, Nazi Germany, and the United States Occupation. She carefully recorded the details of each government´s regime, World War II in full swing, and her everyday challenges. She met a remarkable variety of people who became astonishingly candid in her presence. And she documented it all. [For a sample click below to read about her encounter on a crowded train with an undercover Gestapo officer.]

Irene survived the Soviet occupation of her home country, Latvia, an ancient multicultural crossroads of East and West at the Baltic Sea. In Fire Burn, she describes that last year of peace while she studied chemical engineering at the University of Latvia. Then in 1940 two days after graduating (the only female among 150 students) the Soviets invaded. Terrible months of terror, torture, arrests, and deprivation followed for the citizens of Latvia.

Leaving extended family behind, Irene and her mother were able to escape to Germany where another horror awaited them – the Nazi Regime. Irene endured the long war years, working as a research chemist in a large chemical plant near Frankfurt am Main. She and her mother suffered hunger, cold, and the daily fear of death from continuous Allied bombing. “We survived by the grace of God,” she says.

Liberation from this harsh existence came in the form of American Occupation Forces in the spring of 1945, three days before Easter. Finally the bombing raids ended, but hunger persisited. No food was provided or could be bought. Irene found a job working for the U.S. Army - first as a secretary, then a dining hall hostess. She underwent and recorded entirely new and unexpected experiences in these roles. She met and a year later married a young American scientist, Dr. Merit Penniman White, who had previously worked with Albert Einstein on the Atomic Bomb.

So in 1946, a new life as wife, mother, college teacher and researcher - as well as a new country - awaited her. Now sixty years after the end of World War II, and after turning ninety herself, Irene Zarina White is ready to impart her war time experiences. She wants to share her story with those few who also remember the war, as well as with new generations who could learn so much from her very personal piece of history.

Wanderers Between Two Worlds
German Rebels in the American West, 1830-1860
by Douglas Hale

In the 1830s a small band of visionary university students launched an audacious, but abortive, rebellion against the German Confederation in an effort to achieve unity and freedom for their country. Their bungled revolt was quickly crushed, and the idealistic youth found themselves branded as traitors and pursued as outlaws. "Wanderers Between Two Worlds" traces the extraordinary intertwined lives of seven of the German student revolutionaries who escaped imprisonment only by flight to the American West.

Leaving behind a legacy in Germany's quest for freedom that would not be fulfilled for another 150 years, these urbane and educated exiles arrived in the United States in time to share in the most dramatic episodes of the age: wilderness adventures on the Santa Fe and Oregon Trails; the Texas Revolution against Mexico; the Mexican War; the California Gold Rush; the mounting conflict over slavery; and the inexorable thrust of American power to the Pacific.

The United States offered these young men a broad and uncrowded stage upon which to display their talents. Gustav Koerner became a leading Illinois politician while Georg Engelmann emerged as the premier botanist of the American West. Ferdinand Lindheimer was an influential spokesman among the German settlers in Texas. Adolph Wislizenus explored the Rockies and northern Mexico and led in the establishment of the St. Louis scientific community. Gustav Bunsen perished in the Texas Revolution, while his brother Georg achieved considerable influence as a pioneer educator. Theodor Engelmann published the first German newspaper in Illinois.

Historian Douglas Hale captures the drama and adventure of their lives in both the Old Country and the New. "Wanders Between Two Worlds" is an engaging and accessible saga that acquaints readers with a long-neglected chapter in the history of German democracy and the impact of German-Americans in the development of Illinois, Missouri, and Texas. Hale combines scrupulous attention to accuracy with a lucid and readable style that ventures beyond historical narrative to engage the reader in the personalities and experiences of the individuals involved.

Wanderers Between Two Worlds
German Rebels in the American West, 1830-1860
by Douglas Hale

In the 1830s a small band of visionary university students launched an audacious, but abortive, rebellion against the German Confederation in an effort to achieve unity and freedom for their country. Their bungled revolt was quickly crushed, and the idealistic youth found themselves branded as traitors and pursued as outlaws. "Wanderers Between Two Worlds" traces the extraordinary intertwined lives of seven of the German student revolutionaries who escaped imprisonment only by flight to the American West.

Leaving behind a legacy in Germany's quest for freedom that would not be fulfilled for another 150 years, these urbane and educated exiles arrived in the United States in time to share in the most dramatic episodes of the age: wilderness adventures on the Santa Fe and Oregon Trails; the Texas Revolution against Mexico; the Mexican War; the California Gold Rush; the mounting conflict over slavery; and the inexorable thrust of American power to the Pacific.

The United States offered these young men a broad and uncrowded stage upon which to display their talents. Gustav Koerner became a leading Illinois politician while Georg Engelmann emerged as the premier botanist of the American West. Ferdinand Lindheimer was an influential spokesman among the German settlers in Texas. Adolph Wislizenus explored the Rockies and northern Mexico and led in the establishment of the St. Louis scientific community. Gustav Bunsen perished in the Texas Revolution, while his brother Georg achieved considerable influence as a pioneer educator. Theodor Engelmann published the first German newspaper in Illinois.

Historian Douglas Hale captures the drama and adventure of their lives in both the Old Country and the New. "Wanders Between Two Worlds" is an engaging and accessible saga that acquaints readers with a long-neglected chapter in the history of German democracy and the impact of German-Americans in the development of Illinois, Missouri, and Texas. Hale combines scrupulous attention to accuracy with a lucid and readable style that ventures beyond historical narrative to engage the reader in the personalities and experiences of the individuals involved.

Wanderers Between Two Worlds
German Rebels in the American West, 1830-1860
by Douglas Hale

In the 1830s a small band of visionary university students launched an audacious, but abortive, rebellion against the German Confederation in an effort to achieve unity and freedom for their country. Their bungled revolt was quickly crushed, and the idealistic youth found themselves branded as traitors and pursued as outlaws. "Wanderers Between Two Worlds" traces the extraordinary intertwined lives of seven of the German student revolutionaries who escaped imprisonment only by flight to the American West.

Leaving behind a legacy in Germany's quest for freedom that would not be fulfilled for another 150 years, these urbane and educated exiles arrived in the United States in time to share in the most dramatic episodes of the age: wilderness adventures on the Santa Fe and Oregon Trails; the Texas Revolution against Mexico; the Mexican War; the California Gold Rush; the mounting conflict over slavery; and the inexorable thrust of American power to the Pacific.

The United States offered these young men a broad and uncrowded stage upon which to display their talents. Gustav Koerner became a leading Illinois politician while Georg Engelmann emerged as the premier botanist of the American West. Ferdinand Lindheimer was an influential spokesman among the German settlers in Texas. Adolph Wislizenus explored the Rockies and northern Mexico and led in the establishment of the St. Louis scientific community. Gustav Bunsen perished in the Texas Revolution, while his brother Georg achieved considerable influence as a pioneer educator. Theodor Engelmann published the first German newspaper in Illinois.

Historian Douglas Hale captures the drama and adventure of their lives in both the Old Country and the New. "Wanders Between Two Worlds" is an engaging and accessible saga that acquaints readers with a long-neglected chapter in the history of German democracy and the impact of German-Americans in the development of Illinois, Missouri, and Texas. Hale combines scrupulous attention to accuracy with a lucid and readable style that ventures beyond historical narrative to engage the reader in the personalities and experiences of the individuals involved.