Twenty-three days after the horrible Hartford circus fire, July 6, 1944, I was born in Hartford, Connecticut. My mother and aunt lived but 700 feet from the circus grounds. Growing up so close to the circus grounds caused me to be haunted by this fire, which no one spoke about much and no one adequately explained. In the 1980s, I began some research on the circus fire and eventually discovered a unique way of retelling this fire’s long story. First and foremost, remember the personal characteristics of those who died, then read the documentary account of the fire over the years, and in the process consider this author’s reflective commentary. Starting in the late 1980s, I began writing public policy dialogues, which turned into five books: Dialogues in American Politics, Public Policy Dialogues, Reuniting America: Eleven Multicultural Dialogues, The Dialogic Resurgence of Public Intellectuals, and State Governments: Institutions and Issues. My preferred way of writing is dialogic, since in politics there are always many different, compelling voices and perspectives to consider. In this circus fire book, there is a dialogue between the documentary evidence (the many voices) and my own commentary. Growing up a New Englander puts me in that tradition of seeking public accountability, thus the underlying, persistent theme of this book.

Twenty-three days after the horrible Hartford circus fire, July 6, 1944, I was born in Hartford, Connecticut. My mother and aunt lived but 700 feet from the circus grounds. Growing up so close to the circus grounds caused me to be haunted by this fire, which no one spoke about much and no one adequately explained. In the 1980s, I began some research on the circus fire and eventually discovered a unique way of retelling this fire’s long story. First and foremost, remember the personal characteristics of those who died, then read the documentary account of the fire over the years, and in the process consider this author’s reflective commentary. Starting in the late 1980s, I began writing public policy dialogues, which turned into five books: Dialogues in American Politics, Public Policy Dialogues, Reuniting America: Eleven Multicultural Dialogues, The Dialogic Resurgence of Public Intellectuals, and State Governments: Institutions and Issues. My preferred way of writing is dialogic, since in politics there are always many different, compelling voices and perspectives to consider. In this circus fire book, there is a dialogue between the documentary evidence (the many voices) and my own commentary. Growing up a New Englander puts me in that tradition of seeking public accountability, thus the underlying, persistent theme of this book.

This is the sixth tome in a series of American history books that I have written based from the perspective of the Chief Executives and the events surrounding their terms. This book describes the emergence of the United States as a world power and covers the period from 1901 to 1933. It presents the presidencies of Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Woodrow Wilson, Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge and Herbert Hoover. The significant events for America that are included are World War I, the Great Depression, the Dust Bowl and the building of the Panama Canal.

This is the sixth tome in a series of American history books that I have written based from the perspective of the Chief Executives and the events surrounding their terms. This book describes the emergence of the United States as a world power and covers the period from 1901 to 1933. It presents the presidencies of Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Woodrow Wilson, Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge and Herbert Hoover. The significant events for America that are included are World War I, the Great Depression, the Dust Bowl and the building of the Panama Canal.

This is my fourth literary work. The fi rst novel, “Aryan, the Last Prussian” examined man, war and society; the second novel, “Over the Rainbow” was concerned with man and tyranny; and the third novel, “Heroic Hearts” focused on doctors in World War II. This historical work examines the rise and fall of nations, the fundamental values upon which each nation was erected, and the reasons for each nation’s collapse. The Greek historian Polybius proposed that each nation experienced an evolutionary cycle: democracy, oligarchy, dictatorship, tyranny and collapse. For the United States that evolutionary cycle is: individualism, democracy, oligarchy, tyranny and collapse. The United States is experiencing its fi nal phase: tyranny. Its survival depends upon the strength of the fundamental values upon which the nation was erected: individualism, self-reliance and self-interest. This work will demonstrate that the fall of the U.S. is inevitable, and I have selected from history those ideas and events that will lead to its fi nal collapse.

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ENGLAND, SCOTLAND AND WALES 1200 - 1337 England, Scotland and Wales (The British Isles) was amongst a Europe in crisis because the Holy Roman Empire was in decline. The power of the church had been depleted by the very long struggles with the papacy and the city-states. There was trouble in Kiev in 1240 when the Mongols destroyed it and the overlords took over. It then developed in isolation until the 15th century. German colonization in the northeast brought about political and economic changes. Social unrest really set in through out Europe that was compounded by famines, dynastic wars, economic decline and then the Black Death of 1347 caused devastation all over. The Hohenstaufen dynasty was the aspirations of the Holy Roman Emperors to have complete universal authority was blocked by the papacy in central Italy, and also in the city-based communes of northern Italy. The Emperor Frederick II had a clash with Rome in 1211 to 1250. This was a time when popes exercised strong political power and they wanted nothing to get in their way. Under Innocent III from 1198 to 1216 the medieval papacy was at its very height of spiritual authority and also civil or secular rather than ecclesiastical power and it wanted no interference in its power. After his death, the papacy gave the Kingdom of Sicily to Charles of Anjou, and so this meant that Frederick’s heirs were eliminated. With the growing power of France and England the Roman Empire lost any justification for political supremacy in Europe. Also in Germany a mosaic of small parts clerical state were making changes to undermine the imperial authority of the Roman Empire. Now after one hundred years of peace all along the Anglo-Scottish border, Edward I from 1272 to 1307 was determined to assert his over lordship over the British Isles. So in 1284 in 1284 he annexed Wales, giving the title of Prince of Wales on his son. However Scotland proved to be more intractable as Edward attempted to subdue the Scots he was met by resistance that was led by Robert Bruce who was the victor at Bannockburn in 1314. Bruce, wanting to extend his domains, sent an expedition to Ireland in 1315. His brother Edward continued to fight there until his death in 1318. So in 1328 England acknowledged Scottish independence after a devastating period of guerrilla warfare and a destructive border raiding.

ENGLAND, SCOTLAND AND WALES 1200 - 1337 England, Scotland and Wales (The British Isles) was amongst a Europe in crisis because the Holy Roman Empire was in decline. The power of the church had been depleted by the very long struggles with the papacy and the city-states. There was trouble in Kiev in 1240 when the Mongols destroyed it and the overlords took over. It then developed in isolation until the 15th century. German colonization in the northeast brought about political and economic changes. Social unrest really set in through out Europe that was compounded by famines, dynastic wars, economic decline and then the Black Death of 1347 caused devastation all over. The Hohenstaufen dynasty was the aspirations of the Holy Roman Emperors to have complete universal authority was blocked by the papacy in central Italy, and also in the city-based communes of northern Italy. The Emperor Frederick II had a clash with Rome in 1211 to 1250. This was a time when popes exercised strong political power and they wanted nothing to get in their way. Under Innocent III from 1198 to 1216 the medieval papacy was at its very height of spiritual authority and also civil or secular rather than ecclesiastical power and it wanted no interference in its power. After his death, the papacy gave the Kingdom of Sicily to Charles of Anjou, and so this meant that Frederick’s heirs were eliminated. With the growing power of France and England the Roman Empire lost any justification for political supremacy in Europe. Also in Germany a mosaic of small parts clerical state were making changes to undermine the imperial authority of the Roman Empire. Now after one hundred years of peace all along the Anglo-Scottish border, Edward I from 1272 to 1307 was determined to assert his over lordship over the British Isles. So in 1284 in 1284 he annexed Wales, giving the title of Prince of Wales on his son. However Scotland proved to be more intractable as Edward attempted to subdue the Scots he was met by resistance that was led by Robert Bruce who was the victor at Bannockburn in 1314. Bruce, wanting to extend his domains, sent an expedition to Ireland in 1315. His brother Edward continued to fight there until his death in 1318. So in 1328 England acknowledged Scottish independence after a devastating period of guerrilla warfare and a destructive border raiding.

As Texas becomes the twenty-eighth state issues still remain with Mexico. Santa Anna returns to power after his exile in Cuba. He raises an army to take control of the province of California, and his threat to retake Texas by force. His demand was that Texas was to remain a republic, but since she joined with the Federal States, the threat was renewed for all-out war! The Comanche and Kiowa nations found themselves in the middle of this battle, so they made an uneasy truce with some settlers that they knew would represent their interests. Andrew was a freed slave that was adopted by the Cherokee. Along with his Cherokee brother-in-law, Ben Bird, he farmed and traded wild horses to the army. The Comanche and Kiowa allowed Andrew, and his family to hunt buffalo, and capture wild horses on their land. Since Andrew lived on the edge of their property, and the Dove settlement, they trusted him to help keep the rift-raft out of their lands. Their trust was well placed as Andrew helped supply horses for the army that was sorely spread thin. A bad illness swept over the Texan army, so Andrew and his family help out at Fort Worth since he was a veteran of the San Jacinto battle. They travel to Northern Mexico with the Tejanos to deliver horses to the Federal army under General Zachary Taylor, the future president of the Federal States. They find themselves in the thick of battle trying to recapture Santa Anna. Read the true story about the battle for peace in Texas, with the real characters, and true events that make our history great.

As Texas becomes the twenty-eighth state issues still remain with Mexico. Santa Anna returns to power after his exile in Cuba. He raises an army to take control of the province of California, and his threat to retake Texas by force. His demand was that Texas was to remain a republic, but since she joined with the Federal States, the threat was renewed for all-out war! The Comanche and Kiowa nations found themselves in the middle of this battle, so they made an uneasy truce with some settlers that they knew would represent their interests. Andrew was a freed slave that was adopted by the Cherokee. Along with his Cherokee brother-in-law, Ben Bird, he farmed and traded wild horses to the army. The Comanche and Kiowa allowed Andrew, and his family to hunt buffalo, and capture wild horses on their land. Since Andrew lived on the edge of their property, and the Dove settlement, they trusted him to help keep the rift-raft out of their lands. Their trust was well placed as Andrew helped supply horses for the army that was sorely spread thin. A bad illness swept over the Texan army, so Andrew and his family help out at Fort Worth since he was a veteran of the San Jacinto battle. They travel to Northern Mexico with the Tejanos to deliver horses to the Federal army under General Zachary Taylor, the future president of the Federal States. They find themselves in the thick of battle trying to recapture Santa Anna. Read the true story about the battle for peace in Texas, with the real characters, and true events that make our history great.

As Texas becomes the twenty-eighth state issues still remain with Mexico. Santa Anna returns to power after his exile in Cuba. He raises an army to take control of the province of California, and his threat to retake Texas by force. His demand was that Texas was to remain a republic, but since she joined with the Federal States, the threat was renewed for all-out war! The Comanche and Kiowa nations found themselves in the middle of this battle, so they made an uneasy truce with some settlers that they knew would represent their interests. Andrew was a freed slave that was adopted by the Cherokee. Along with his Cherokee brother-in-law, Ben Bird, he farmed and traded wild horses to the army. The Comanche and Kiowa allowed Andrew, and his family to hunt buffalo, and capture wild horses on their land. Since Andrew lived on the edge of their property, and the Dove settlement, they trusted him to help keep the rift-raft out of their lands. Their trust was well placed as Andrew helped supply horses for the army that was sorely spread thin. A bad illness swept over the Texan army, so Andrew and his family help out at Fort Worth since he was a veteran of the San Jacinto battle. They travel to Northern Mexico with the Tejanos to deliver horses to the Federal army under General Zachary Taylor, the future president of the Federal States. They find themselves in the thick of battle trying to recapture Santa Anna. Read the true story about the battle for peace in Texas, with the real characters, and true events that make our history great.

The power of optimism and determination is beautifully illustrated in this engaging story about a young man who turns personal tragedy into opportunity. The story of George Tilles becomes the story of Fort Smith, Arkansas, during the period of time immediately following the Civil War to just before the stock market crash of 1929. It depicts the hardships and achievements of a man and his city as well as the possibilities that hard work and vision can create.

The power of optimism and determination is beautifully illustrated in this engaging story about a young man who turns personal tragedy into opportunity. The story of George Tilles becomes the story of Fort Smith, Arkansas, during the period of time immediately following the Civil War to just before the stock market crash of 1929. It depicts the hardships and achievements of a man and his city as well as the possibilities that hard work and vision can create.

From the Melting of the Snow to the Greening of the Fields is my sixth book. It is the story of the St. Patrick’s Day Flood of 1936 as seen through the experiences of the fictitious Claymoore family and their friends and acquaintances. The fictional Reverend Claymoore is a coal miner and a Presbyterian preacher who lives in the coal patch of the Back Bench Mining Company disparagingly known as Bed Bug Row. The story takes place in just a few months during the year of 1936. It is about the flood, yes, and about love and courtship and about the people of southwest Pennsylvania who constantly find themselves, as the speech goes, opposing a sea of troubles in an effort to end them. The things they do to rise above their circumstances are simple, unselfconscious, and even at times heroic. However you see their actions, whether audacious and noble, sad or comical, you must know that they are always, to my knowledge, typical. The facts of the flood are true as reported in the 1936 issues of The Pittsburgh Press, which was my primary source of information. Also included in the accounts of the flood are personal recollections from the few people I could find who lived through it.