Keith Hemmerling was not diagnosed with Bi-Polar Manic Depressive Illness for nearly 30 years. This time was marked by decades of being unable to relate to womenreflected in unrequited love songs. Keith's heightened sense of manic sexuality lead him into the world of pornography and prostitution. In a manic state in 1979 Keith worked under the name of Damian Stone, having sex with Deliah, working for White LIghtening in Forty Deuce-Times Square, 42nd St. and 8th Avenue. MANIC DEPRESSIVE SEXUALITY was written and given to Keith's psychiatrists in the 1980's for purposes of medical treatment.

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Babies Need Mothers – How Mothers Can Prevent Mental Illness in their Children is a rare example of careful conceptual reasoning about basic categories in medicine. Ultimately this is what is sorely needed in rational thinking about the mysteries of mental illness. This book is a fascinating contribution and well worth reading, precisely because it upsets the applecart. I recommend it to anyone who wants to get beyond rigid categorization in psychiatry and look at enduring problems of the mind in new ways. Raymond Moody, Author, Life After Life; MD, Psy.D, PhD Philosophy

Dr. McKenzie’s book is revolutionary. Some long sought answers to causes of psychosis and other severe mental illnesses are explained in clear and understandable language. He not only describes cause and effect, but also provides clear remedies for healing that are unique and long lasting. He shows clearly and unmistakably the way to recover health, and his findings could change the prevailing way of treating chronic mental difficulties. Harold Stern, PhD, Psychoanalyst

This book is a further development of ideas described in Delayed Posttraumatic Stress Disorders from Infancy: The Two Trauma Mechanism by Clancy D. McKenzie, MD and Lance S. Wright, MD. I have used this latter book in my courses at Georgetown University, in courses on the family and courses on philosophy of psychoanalysis. The ideas of the book were enlightening, stimulative and provocative. I plan to continue to use the ideas of Dr. McKenzie in my classes. In his new book Dr. McKenzie makes recommendations about child rearing practices. His new book is rich in ideas and promises a fruitful debate about the psychological origins of mental illness. No one will regret reading this book. Wilfried Ver Eecke Professor in Philosophy Adjunct Professor in Psychology Georgetown University

Babies Need Mothers – How Mothers Can Prevent Mental Illness in their Children is a rare example of careful conceptual reasoning about basic categories in medicine. Ultimately this is what is sorely needed in rational thinking about the mysteries of mental illness. This book is a fascinating contribution and well worth reading, precisely because it upsets the applecart. I recommend it to anyone who wants to get beyond rigid categorization in psychiatry and look at enduring problems of the mind in new ways. Raymond Moody, Author, Life After Life; MD, Psy.D, PhD Philosophy

Dr. McKenzie’s book is revolutionary. Some long sought answers to causes of psychosis and other severe mental illnesses are explained in clear and understandable language. He not only describes cause and effect, but also provides clear remedies for healing that are unique and long lasting. He shows clearly and unmistakably the way to recover health, and his findings could change the prevailing way of treating chronic mental difficulties. Harold Stern, PhD, Psychoanalyst

This book is a further development of ideas described in Delayed Posttraumatic Stress Disorders from Infancy: The Two Trauma Mechanism by Clancy D. McKenzie, MD and Lance S. Wright, MD. I have used this latter book in my courses at Georgetown University, in courses on the family and courses on philosophy of psychoanalysis. The ideas of the book were enlightening, stimulative and provocative. I plan to continue to use the ideas of Dr. McKenzie in my classes. In his new book Dr. McKenzie makes recommendations about child rearing practices. His new book is rich in ideas and promises a fruitful debate about the psychological origins of mental illness. No one will regret reading this book. Wilfried Ver Eecke Professor in Philosophy Adjunct Professor in Psychology Georgetown University

This is the story of Peggy who has recently been diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder. Peggy and her family move to Vermont where Peggy struggles with her illness and finds ways to cope with her continuing bipolar cycles. Peggy corresponds to her therapist she left behind during the move, and each piece of correspondence highlights Peggy’s new awakening and new techniques to counter-attack and accept her bipolar illness. Family and job difficulties are highlighted throughout the book making it informative for family members and friends who try to understand their loved one who has Bipolar Disorder.

"Wrestling With Ghosts" summarizes and updates a growing literature that includes traditional cultural accounts, scientific research, and subjective reports about the uncanny sleep disorder referred to as sleep paralysis (SP). The book serves as an important tool to normalize the sleep paralysis experience by attempting to remove its often-publicized mystical and supernatural aura. Specifically, the book is a serious contribution to the psychological and social scientific literature as an example of behavioral/social methodology in clarifying psychological phenomena that can be misinterpreted individually or by culture as "paranormal." However, the book does not refute the very real phenomenology of the experience and is intended as a practical guide for recognizing and managing the disorder in creative and self-enhancing ways. Moreover, this work reiterates the aesthetic and creative power of uncanny dreaming regardless of its origin. This aesthetic dimension of sleep paralysis and lucid dreaming is part of mythical, shamanic, creative, personal and scientific multidisciplinary approach to studying and describing dream phenomenology.

Additionally, this work provides a retrospective look at the history of this uncanny disorder in human evolution, its recent western medical history and its most recent empirical descriptions as so-called alien abduction cases, including a presentation of Jungian and Freudian mythical perspectives. The empirical data is presented in balance with traditional cross-cultural and folklore accounts of the disorder as well as in the context of numerous recent cases researched in conjunction with the long-term study. Part of the data presented includes a proposal about psycho-geographical and psycho-geomagnetic distributions of "ghost" stories, dream attacks, and other SP related phenomena. These geographical zones correlate with geodynamic areas such as the Pacific "Ring of Fire" region where an increased number of cultural names for SP and its frequencies are reported (my "ring of fire" hypothesis).

This book is written and intended for a general educated audience; anyone interested in dream phenomenology and behavior; the medical profession; folklorists; psychologists interested in dream phenomenology and behavior; sleep researchers; and the clinical psychologist. The book expands the work of Dr. David Hufford, who published the now classic account of sleep paralysis as Newfoundland's "Old Hag" phenomenon.

"Wrestling With Ghosts" summarizes and updates a growing literature that includes traditional cultural accounts, scientific research, and subjective reports about the uncanny sleep disorder referred to as sleep paralysis (SP). The book serves as an important tool to normalize the sleep paralysis experience by attempting to remove its often-publicized mystical and supernatural aura. Specifically, the book is a serious contribution to the psychological and social scientific literature as an example of behavioral/social methodology in clarifying psychological phenomena that can be misinterpreted individually or by culture as "paranormal." However, the book does not refute the very real phenomenology of the experience and is intended as a practical guide for recognizing and managing the disorder in creative and self-enhancing ways. Moreover, this work reiterates the aesthetic and creative power of uncanny dreaming regardless of its origin. This aesthetic dimension of sleep paralysis and lucid dreaming is part of mythical, shamanic, creative, personal and scientific multidisciplinary approach to studying and describing dream phenomenology.

Additionally, this work provides a retrospective look at the history of this uncanny disorder in human evolution, its recent western medical history and its most recent empirical descriptions as so-called alien abduction cases, including a presentation of Jungian and Freudian mythical perspectives. The empirical data is presented in balance with traditional cross-cultural and folklore accounts of the disorder as well as in the context of numerous recent cases researched in conjunction with the long-term study. Part of the data presented includes a proposal about psycho-geographical and psycho-geomagnetic distributions of "ghost" stories, dream attacks, and other SP related phenomena. These geographical zones correlate with geodynamic areas such as the Pacific "Ring of Fire" region where an increased number of cultural names for SP and its frequencies are reported (my "ring of fire" hypothesis).

This book is written and intended for a general educated audience; anyone interested in dream phenomenology and behavior; the medical profession; folklorists; psychologists interested in dream phenomenology and behavior; sleep researchers; and the clinical psychologist. The book expands the work of Dr. David Hufford, who published the now classic account of sleep paralysis as Newfoundland's "Old Hag" phenomenon.

The Roots of Modern Hypnosis is a compendium of three classic volumes on hypnosis, written by some of its most important practitioners. Read in sequence, these books provide a fascinating explication of the history of hypnosis, from the “animal magnetism,” “mesmerism,” and “universal fluid” of Franz Anton Mesmer as utilized by Dr. James Esdaile in his surgical facilities in India, to the First Modern (1961) International Congress on Hypnosis in New York City.

The three texts contained in The Roots of Modern Hypnosis are:

Hypnosis in Medicine and Surgery (originally entitled Mesmerism in India), by James Esdaile, M.D. The book contains an introduction and “Supplemental Reports on Hypnoanesthesia” by William S. Kroger, M.D. The original text was published in 1850; a revised edition, containing Dr. Kroger’s introduction and notes, was published in 1957 by The Institute for Research in Hypnosis Publication Society and The Julian Press, Inc.

The Fundamental Principles of Hypnosis (originally entitled The Law of Suggestion) by Stanley L. Krebs, Ph.D., published in 1906. The work was revised by Henry Guze, Ph.D., and republished in 1957, with a new introduction by Milton V. Kline, Ph.D., by The Institute for Research in Hypnosis Publication Society and The Julian Press, Inc.

The Nature of Hypnosis: Transactions of the 1961 [First Modern] International Congress on Hypnosis, edited and with an introduction by Milton V. Kline, Ph.D., Director of The Institute for Research in Hypnosis and Psychotherapy, and a Foreword by Lewis Wolberg, M.D., of The Postgraduate Center for Psychotherapy. The book was jointly published by the Institute and the Center.

Milton V. Kline, Ph.D., Director of The Institute for Research in Hypnosis and Psychotherapy, and of The Institute for Research in Hypnosis Publication Society, conceived the idea of publishing the current edition of each of these texts under a single title, The Roots of Modern Hypnosis. Dr. Kline has been widely acknowledged as one of the foremost experts on medical, psychological, clinical, therapeutic and experimental hypnotherapy and hypnoanalysis, with more than 50 years of experience in using, teaching and conducting research in hypnosis. His recognition and honors have been worldwide.

Hypnosis in Medicine and Surgery
by James Esdaile, M.D.

James Esdaile, M.D., was a young surgeon who was put in charge of a hospital for paupers and criminals in Hooghly, India, and then in charge of a medical facility in Calcutta, in the 1840’s. While in India, he made some of the most significant contributions to the history and evolution of hypnosis as a technique for pain control since it was discovered by Franz Anton Mesmer, circa 1775. In addition, despite the conditions under which he worked (heat, lack of proper sanitation, etc.), Dr. Esdaile proved conclusively that hypnosis was a reliable and relatively risk-free method for inducing deep anesthesia under which surgical operations could take place.

While in India, Dr. Esdaile performed approximately 300 major operations, as well as many more minor procedures, on patients under the “Mesmeric trance.” Among the cases which he treated were the removal of tumors from even the most sensitive parts of the body; the amputation of legs, arms and breasts; the extraction of teeth; the repair of bent limbs; and the cure of headaches, colic, eye inflammations, convulsions and nerve pain. In some cases, Dr. Esdaile was able to hypnotize his patients so deeply that their pupils failed to contract even when exposed to bright sunlight.

As Dr. Kroger points out in his introduction to the revised edition of Hypnosis in Medicine and Surgery, one of the most important aspects of Dr. Esdaile’s work involves the induction of an extraordinarily deep state of hypnosis in virtually all of his patients. Many of those on whom Dr. Esdaile operated lost little blood, manifested few or no signs of shock, and healed exceptionally rapidly, even by present-day standards. Says Dr. Esdaile, “I beg to state, for the satisfaction of those who have not yet a practical knowledge of the subject, that I have seen no bad consequences whatever arise from persons being operated on when in the mesmeric trance. Cases have occurred in which no pain has been felt subsequent to the operation even; the wounds healing in a few days by the first intention; and in the rest, I have seen no indications of any injury being done to the constitution. On the contrary, it appears to me to have been saved, and that less constitutional disturbance has followed than under ordinary circumstances. There has not been a death among the cases operated on.”

Adds Dr. Kroger, “All the refinements in surgical techniques, asepsis, blood plasma, hormones, and antibiotics have failed to match Esdaile’s record. Even...our present results using chemoanesthesia are not as efficacious in preventing surgical shock.”

Dr. Esdaile attributed the success of hypnosis in treating pain and inducing anesthesia to “thought transference,” or “clairvoyance.” He believed that thoughts were placed in the mind of the patient by the doctor, using a special consciousness awakened by mesmerism. Nevertheless, the anesthetic principles under which he operated are still scientifically valid today. In fact, as observed by Dr. Kroger, Dr. Esdaile’s belief in a “special consciousness” was actually a precursor to modern dynamic psychiatry, “in which the unconscious, with its emotional and volitional forces, exerts a powerful influence on human behavior.”

Another of the most significant principles advocated by Dr. Esdaile was the idea of a “rapport” which must exist between doctor and patient for hypnosis, and therefore surgery, to be most likely to succeed. As explained by Dr. Kroger, “James Esdaile was first and always a physician. What operated to his great...advantage was the one true supposition unknowingly advanced by Mesmer, namely, that a special ‘rapport’ must be established between doctor and patient. Esdaile intuitively understood...that his patient’s confidence in him and his own self-confidence, patience, skill and courage all contributed to his excellent results. The patient’s motivation, his ability uncritically to accept an idea, and his need to rely on the prestige of the doctor are of inestimable value in any form of healing....If the patient can feel this strong link with his physician, he can usually transcend his normal voluntary capacity so as to alter sensory and motor functions and thus initiate appropriate behavior.” In this seemingly simple explanation of “rapport” lie the seeds of hypnotic induction, transference, age regression and many of the other precepts on which modern clinical hypnotherapy and hypnoanalysis are based.

In addition to the valuable information presented therein, Hypnosis in Surgery and Medicine is a highly-entertaining work, providing, as it does, a charming illustration of the style of scientific writing prevalent during the period. Consider, for example, this somewhat flowery endorsement of hypnosis by Dr. Esdaile: “Mesmerism often comes to the aid of my patients, when all the resources of medicine are exhausted, and all the drugs of Arabia useless; and therefore, I consider it to be my duty to benefit them by it, and to assist in making it known for the advantage of mankind.”

The Fundamental Principles of Hypnosis
by Stanley L. Krebs, Ph.D.

Dr. Krebs stated, in the introduction to his book, that he had a threefold purpose in writing it:

“1. To give a bird’s eye view of the whole field, for busy people -- all about Suggestion, but not, of course, all of it.
“2. To tear from the subject that veil of mystery, or ‘occultism,’ with which so many initiates delight to surround it bef

The Roots of Modern Hypnosis is a compendium of three classic volumes on hypnosis, written by some of its most important practitioners. Read in sequence, these books provide a fascinating explication of the history of hypnosis, from the “animal magnetism,” “mesmerism,” and “universal fluid” of Franz Anton Mesmer as utilized by Dr. James Esdaile in his surgical facilities in India, to the First Modern (1961) International Congress on Hypnosis in New York City.

The three texts contained in The Roots of Modern Hypnosis are:

Hypnosis in Medicine and Surgery (originally entitled Mesmerism in India), by James Esdaile, M.D. The book contains an introduction and “Supplemental Reports on Hypnoanesthesia” by William S. Kroger, M.D. The original text was published in 1850; a revised edition, containing Dr. Kroger’s introduction and notes, was published in 1957 by The Institute for Research in Hypnosis Publication Society and The Julian Press, Inc.

The Fundamental Principles of Hypnosis (originally entitled The Law of Suggestion) by Stanley L. Krebs, Ph.D., published in 1906. The work was revised by Henry Guze, Ph.D., and republished in 1957, with a new introduction by Milton V. Kline, Ph.D., by The Institute for Research in Hypnosis Publication Society and The Julian Press, Inc.

The Nature of Hypnosis: Transactions of the 1961 [First Modern] International Congress on Hypnosis, edited and with an introduction by Milton V. Kline, Ph.D., Director of The Institute for Research in Hypnosis and Psychotherapy, and a Foreword by Lewis Wolberg, M.D., of The Postgraduate Center for Psychotherapy. The book was jointly published by the Institute and the Center.

Milton V. Kline, Ph.D., Director of The Institute for Research in Hypnosis and Psychotherapy, and of The Institute for Research in Hypnosis Publication Society, conceived the idea of publishing the current edition of each of these texts under a single title, The Roots of Modern Hypnosis. Dr. Kline has been widely acknowledged as one of the foremost experts on medical, psychological, clinical, therapeutic and experimental hypnotherapy and hypnoanalysis, with more than 50 years of experience in using, teaching and conducting research in hypnosis. His recognition and honors have been worldwide.

Hypnosis in Medicine and Surgery
by James Esdaile, M.D.

James Esdaile, M.D., was a young surgeon who was put in charge of a hospital for paupers and criminals in Hooghly, India, and then in charge of a medical facility in Calcutta, in the 1840’s. While in India, he made some of the most significant contributions to the history and evolution of hypnosis as a technique for pain control since it was discovered by Franz Anton Mesmer, circa 1775. In addition, despite the conditions under which he worked (heat, lack of proper sanitation, etc.), Dr. Esdaile proved conclusively that hypnosis was a reliable and relatively risk-free method for inducing deep anesthesia under which surgical operations could take place.

While in India, Dr. Esdaile performed approximately 300 major operations, as well as many more minor procedures, on patients under the “Mesmeric trance.” Among the cases which he treated were the removal of tumors from even the most sensitive parts of the body; the amputation of legs, arms and breasts; the extraction of teeth; the repair of bent limbs; and the cure of headaches, colic, eye inflammations, convulsions and nerve pain. In some cases, Dr. Esdaile was able to hypnotize his patients so deeply that their pupils failed to contract even when exposed to bright sunlight.

As Dr. Kroger points out in his introduction to the revised edition of Hypnosis in Medicine and Surgery, one of the most important aspects of Dr. Esdaile’s work involves the induction of an extraordinarily deep state of hypnosis in virtually all of his patients. Many of those on whom Dr. Esdaile operated lost little blood, manifested few or no signs of shock, and healed exceptionally rapidly, even by present-day standards. Says Dr. Esdaile, “I beg to state, for the satisfaction of those who have not yet a practical knowledge of the subject, that I have seen no bad consequences whatever arise from persons being operated on when in the mesmeric trance. Cases have occurred in which no pain has been felt subsequent to the operation even; the wounds healing in a few days by the first intention; and in the rest, I have seen no indications of any injury being done to the constitution. On the contrary, it appears to me to have been saved, and that less constitutional disturbance has followed than under ordinary circumstances. There has not been a death among the cases operated on.”

Adds Dr. Kroger, “All the refinements in surgical techniques, asepsis, blood plasma, hormones, and antibiotics have failed to match Esdaile’s record. Even...our present results using chemoanesthesia are not as efficacious in preventing surgical shock.”

Dr. Esdaile attributed the success of hypnosis in treating pain and inducing anesthesia to “thought transference,” or “clairvoyance.” He believed that thoughts were placed in the mind of the patient by the doctor, using a special consciousness awakened by mesmerism. Nevertheless, the anesthetic principles under which he operated are still scientifically valid today. In fact, as observed by Dr. Kroger, Dr. Esdaile’s belief in a “special consciousness” was actually a precursor to modern dynamic psychiatry, “in which the unconscious, with its emotional and volitional forces, exerts a powerful influence on human behavior.”

Another of the most significant principles advocated by Dr. Esdaile was the idea of a “rapport” which must exist between doctor and patient for hypnosis, and therefore surgery, to be most likely to succeed. As explained by Dr. Kroger, “James Esdaile was first and always a physician. What operated to his great...advantage was the one true supposition unknowingly advanced by Mesmer, namely, that a special ‘rapport’ must be established between doctor and patient. Esdaile intuitively understood...that his patient’s confidence in him and his own self-confidence, patience, skill and courage all contributed to his excellent results. The patient’s motivation, his ability uncritically to accept an idea, and his need to rely on the prestige of the doctor are of inestimable value in any form of healing....If the patient can feel this strong link with his physician, he can usually transcend his normal voluntary capacity so as to alter sensory and motor functions and thus initiate appropriate behavior.” In this seemingly simple explanation of “rapport” lie the seeds of hypnotic induction, transference, age regression and many of the other precepts on which modern clinical hypnotherapy and hypnoanalysis are based.

In addition to the valuable information presented therein, Hypnosis in Surgery and Medicine is a highly-entertaining work, providing, as it does, a charming illustration of the style of scientific writing prevalent during the period. Consider, for example, this somewhat flowery endorsement of hypnosis by Dr. Esdaile: “Mesmerism often comes to the aid of my patients, when all the resources of medicine are exhausted, and all the drugs of Arabia useless; and therefore, I consider it to be my duty to benefit them by it, and to assist in making it known for the advantage of mankind.”

The Fundamental Principles of Hypnosis
by Stanley L. Krebs, Ph.D.

Dr. Krebs stated, in the introduction to his book, that he had a threefold purpose in writing it:

“1. To give a bird’s eye view of the whole field, for busy people -- all about Suggestion, but not, of course, all of it.
“2. To tear from the subject that veil of mystery, or ‘occultism,’ with which so many initiates delight to surround it bef

Against ignorance: the suppressed reality of mental illness and the consequences for those affected and their familiesbyCarole Petcher & Raymond PetignatThe widely held ignorance in the field of mental illnesses provided the major impulse that prompted the writing of this book. Most people are completely lacking in knowledge, although mental illnesses, in this case schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, are really not as uncommon as many would like to believe. In our judgment, widespread information and education are desperately needed, also because our so-called “Opinion Leaders” often present this subject in completely the wrong light. When a spectacular case comes into the public spotlight, this ignorance, a hard but unfortunately justified word, is horrifyingly obvious even in the well-educated. This is apparent in television discussions and newspaper articles, where hypotheses and theories are quoted as indisputable truths. The general knowledge about diseases such as cancer, through AIDs to circulatory complications and malaria, is considerably greater than the understanding of the forms of mental illness. We would like to make the general public aware of the serious associated problems faced by families, to provide these families with our support and sympathy, to remind the media and the lawyers of their power that can be used for good or evil and to sensitise the psychiatric profession to the wider picture and the danger of dogmatism. In this vein, we are ambitious; only you can judge if we are over-ambitious.Although we touch on the subject of the obsessive-compulsive disorder, the main theme of our book concerns schizophrenia and manic-depression (bipolar disorder). These are serious but – and this may be a source of amazement to many – treatable illnesses, if the patient meets certain requirements and adequate resources are available. The stories that follow show that this is unfortunately not always the case, particularly when the picture is distorted by the idea of the family and environment as causative factors. It must also be said that immense steps have been achieved in the last twenty years with regard to the treatment of the patient and in the approach of the medical profession to the family. Schizophrenia, and this often goes unrecognised, is the most expensive illness of all, as it results in not only direct but also indirect costs, such as inability to work, pensions, financial support by the families.In summary, this book primarily confronts the often grim experiences of relatives with the inadequate knowledge of a major section of the broader population, concerning the existence of mental illnesses and the social problems involved. Secondly, it aims to provide some basic information on the current thinking about mental illness and to offer some practical advice on dealing with it. Thirdly it challenges the professional world with the still existing divisions between medical knowledge and everyday practice. Early diagnosis, with conscientious preliminary investigations, and the education of young parents in this field seem to us to be particularly necessary. In short, we do not aim to alleviate the situation of the relatives, but to improve the living conditions and perspectives of people that suffer from a serious mental illness. The equation is eminently simple: when this is achieved, the relatives will also benefit!

Against ignorance: the suppressed reality of mental illness and the consequences for those affected and their familiesbyCarole Petcher & Raymond PetignatThe widely held ignorance in the field of mental illnesses provided the major impulse that prompted the writing of this book. Most people are completely lacking in knowledge, although mental illnesses, in this case schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, are really not as uncommon as many would like to believe. In our judgment, widespread information and education are desperately needed, also because our so-called “Opinion Leaders” often present this subject in completely the wrong light. When a spectacular case comes into the public spotlight, this ignorance, a hard but unfortunately justified word, is horrifyingly obvious even in the well-educated. This is apparent in television discussions and newspaper articles, where hypotheses and theories are quoted as indisputable truths. The general knowledge about diseases such as cancer, through AIDs to circulatory complications and malaria, is considerably greater than the understanding of the forms of mental illness. We would like to make the general public aware of the serious associated problems faced by families, to provide these families with our support and sympathy, to remind the media and the lawyers of their power that can be used for good or evil and to sensitise the psychiatric profession to the wider picture and the danger of dogmatism. In this vein, we are ambitious; only you can judge if we are over-ambitious.Although we touch on the subject of the obsessive-compulsive disorder, the main theme of our book concerns schizophrenia and manic-depression (bipolar disorder). These are serious but – and this may be a source of amazement to many – treatable illnesses, if the patient meets certain requirements and adequate resources are available. The stories that follow show that this is unfortunately not always the case, particularly when the picture is distorted by the idea of the family and environment as causative factors. It must also be said that immense steps have been achieved in the last twenty years with regard to the treatment of the patient and in the approach of the medical profession to the family. Schizophrenia, and this often goes unrecognised, is the most expensive illness of all, as it results in not only direct but also indirect costs, such as inability to work, pensions, financial support by the families.In summary, this book primarily confronts the often grim experiences of relatives with the inadequate knowledge of a major section of the broader population, concerning the existence of mental illnesses and the social problems involved. Secondly, it aims to provide some basic information on the current thinking about mental illness and to offer some practical advice on dealing with it. Thirdly it challenges the professional world with the still existing divisions between medical knowledge and everyday practice. Early diagnosis, with conscientious preliminary investigations, and the education of young parents in this field seem to us to be particularly necessary. In short, we do not aim to alleviate the situation of the relatives, but to improve the living conditions and perspectives of people that suffer from a serious mental illness. The equation is eminently simple: when this is achieved, the relatives will also benefit!

The Roots of Modern Hypnosis is a compendium of three classic volumes on hypnosis, written by some of its most important practitioners. Read in sequence, these books provide a fascinating explication of the history of hypnosis, from the “animal magnetism,” “mesmerism,” and “universal fluid” of Franz Anton Mesmer as utilized by Dr. James Esdaile in his surgical facilities in India, to the First Modern (1961) International Congress on Hypnosis in New York City.

The three texts contained in The Roots of Modern Hypnosis are:

Hypnosis in Medicine and Surgery (originally entitled Mesmerism in India), by James Esdaile, M.D. The book contains an introduction and “Supplemental Reports on Hypnoanesthesia” by William S. Kroger, M.D. The original text was published in 1850; a revised edition, containing Dr. Kroger’s introduction and notes, was published in 1957 by The Institute for Research in Hypnosis Publication Society and The Julian Press, Inc.

The Fundamental Principles of Hypnosis (originally entitled The Law of Suggestion) by Stanley L. Krebs, Ph.D., published in 1906. The work was revised by Henry Guze, Ph.D., and republished in 1957, with a new introduction by Milton V. Kline, Ph.D., by The Institute for Research in Hypnosis Publication Society and The Julian Press, Inc.

The Nature of Hypnosis: Transactions of the 1961 [First Modern] International Congress on Hypnosis, edited and with an introduction by Milton V. Kline, Ph.D., Director of The Institute for Research in Hypnosis and Psychotherapy, and a Foreword by Lewis Wolberg, M.D., of The Postgraduate Center for Psychotherapy. The book was jointly published by the Institute and the Center.

Milton V. Kline, Ph.D., Director of The Institute for Research in Hypnosis and Psychotherapy, and of The Institute for Research in Hypnosis Publication Society, conceived the idea of publishing the current edition of each of these texts under a single title, The Roots of Modern Hypnosis. Dr. Kline has been widely acknowledged as one of the foremost experts on medical, psychological, clinical, therapeutic and experimental hypnotherapy and hypnoanalysis, with more than 50 years of experience in using, teaching and conducting research in hypnosis. His recognition and honors have been worldwide.

Hypnosis in Medicine and Surgery
by James Esdaile, M.D.

James Esdaile, M.D., was a young surgeon who was put in charge of a hospital for paupers and criminals in Hooghly, India, and then in charge of a medical facility in Calcutta, in the 1840’s. While in India, he made some of the most significant contributions to the history and evolution of hypnosis as a technique for pain control since it was discovered by Franz Anton Mesmer, circa 1775. In addition, despite the conditions under which he worked (heat, lack of proper sanitation, etc.), Dr. Esdaile proved conclusively that hypnosis was a reliable and relatively risk-free method for inducing deep anesthesia under which surgical operations could take place.

While in India, Dr. Esdaile performed approximately 300 major operations, as well as many more minor procedures, on patients under the “Mesmeric trance.” Among the cases which he treated were the removal of tumors from even the most sensitive parts of the body; the amputation of legs, arms and breasts; the extraction of teeth; the repair of bent limbs; and the cure of headaches, colic, eye inflammations, convulsions and nerve pain. In some cases, Dr. Esdaile was able to hypnotize his patients so deeply that their pupils failed to contract even when exposed to bright sunlight.

As Dr. Kroger points out in his introduction to the revised edition of Hypnosis in Medicine and Surgery, one of the most important aspects of Dr. Esdaile’s work involves the induction of an extraordinarily deep state of hypnosis in virtually all of his patients. Many of those on whom Dr. Esdaile operated lost little blood, manifested few or no signs of shock, and healed exceptionally rapidly, even by present-day standards. Says Dr. Esdaile, “I beg to state, for the satisfaction of those who have not yet a practical knowledge of the subject, that I have seen no bad consequences whatever arise from persons being operated on when in the mesmeric trance. Cases have occurred in which no pain has been felt subsequent to the operation even; the wounds healing in a few days by the first intention; and in the rest, I have seen no indications of any injury being done to the constitution. On the contrary, it appears to me to have been saved, and that less constitutional disturbance has followed than under ordinary circumstances. There has not been a death among the cases operated on.”

Adds Dr. Kroger, “All the refinements in surgical techniques, asepsis, blood plasma, hormones, and antibiotics have failed to match Esdaile’s record. Even...our present results using chemoanesthesia are not as efficacious in preventing surgical shock.”

Dr. Esdaile attributed the success of hypnosis in treating pain and inducing anesthesia to “thought transference,” or “clairvoyance.” He believed that thoughts were placed in the mind of the patient by the doctor, using a special consciousness awakened by mesmerism. Nevertheless, the anesthetic principles under which he operated are still scientifically valid today. In fact, as observed by Dr. Kroger, Dr. Esdaile’s belief in a “special consciousness” was actually a precursor to modern dynamic psychiatry, “in which the unconscious, with its emotional and volitional forces, exerts a powerful influence on human behavior.”

Another of the most significant principles advocated by Dr. Esdaile was the idea of a “rapport” which must exist between doctor and patient for hypnosis, and therefore surgery, to be most likely to succeed. As explained by Dr. Kroger, “James Esdaile was first and always a physician. What operated to his great...advantage was the one true supposition unknowingly advanced by Mesmer, namely, that a special ‘rapport’ must be established between doctor and patient. Esdaile intuitively understood...that his patient’s confidence in him and his own self-confidence, patience, skill and courage all contributed to his excellent results. The patient’s motivation, his ability uncritically to accept an idea, and his need to rely on the prestige of the doctor are of inestimable value in any form of healing....If the patient can feel this strong link with his physician, he can usually transcend his normal voluntary capacity so as to alter sensory and motor functions and thus initiate appropriate behavior.” In this seemingly simple explanation of “rapport” lie the seeds of hypnotic induction, transference, age regression and many of the other precepts on which modern clinical hypnotherapy and hypnoanalysis are based.

In addition to the valuable information presented therein, Hypnosis in Surgery and Medicine is a highly-entertaining work, providing, as it does, a charming illustration of the style of scientific writing prevalent during the period. Consider, for example, this somewhat flowery endorsement of hypnosis by Dr. Esdaile: “Mesmerism often comes to the aid of my patients, when all the resources of medicine are exhausted, and all the drugs of Arabia useless; and therefore, I consider it to be my duty to benefit them by it, and to assist in making it known for the advantage of mankind.”

The Fundamental Principles of Hypnosis
by Stanley L. Krebs, Ph.D.

Dr. Krebs stated, in the introduction to his book, that he had a threefold purpose in writing it:

“1. To give a bird’s eye view of the whole field, for busy people -- all about Suggestion, but not, of course, all of it.
“2. To tear from the subject that veil of mystery, or ‘occultism,’ with which so many initiates delight to surround it bef

Against ignorance: the suppressed reality of mental illness and the consequences for those affected and their familiesbyCarole Petcher & Raymond PetignatThe widely held ignorance in the field of mental illnesses provided the major impulse that prompted the writing of this book. Most people are completely lacking in knowledge, although mental illnesses, in this case schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, are really not as uncommon as many would like to believe. In our judgment, widespread information and education are desperately needed, also because our so-called “Opinion Leaders” often present this subject in completely the wrong light. When a spectacular case comes into the public spotlight, this ignorance, a hard but unfortunately justified word, is horrifyingly obvious even in the well-educated. This is apparent in television discussions and newspaper articles, where hypotheses and theories are quoted as indisputable truths. The general knowledge about diseases such as cancer, through AIDs to circulatory complications and malaria, is considerably greater than the understanding of the forms of mental illness. We would like to make the general public aware of the serious associated problems faced by families, to provide these families with our support and sympathy, to remind the media and the lawyers of their power that can be used for good or evil and to sensitise the psychiatric profession to the wider picture and the danger of dogmatism. In this vein, we are ambitious; only you can judge if we are over-ambitious.Although we touch on the subject of the obsessive-compulsive disorder, the main theme of our book concerns schizophrenia and manic-depression (bipolar disorder). These are serious but – and this may be a source of amazement to many – treatable illnesses, if the patient meets certain requirements and adequate resources are available. The stories that follow show that this is unfortunately not always the case, particularly when the picture is distorted by the idea of the family and environment as causative factors. It must also be said that immense steps have been achieved in the last twenty years with regard to the treatment of the patient and in the approach of the medical profession to the family. Schizophrenia, and this often goes unrecognised, is the most expensive illness of all, as it results in not only direct but also indirect costs, such as inability to work, pensions, financial support by the families.In summary, this book primarily confronts the often grim experiences of relatives with the inadequate knowledge of a major section of the broader population, concerning the existence of mental illnesses and the social problems involved. Secondly, it aims to provide some basic information on the current thinking about mental illness and to offer some practical advice on dealing with it. Thirdly it challenges the professional world with the still existing divisions between medical knowledge and everyday practice. Early diagnosis, with conscientious preliminary investigations, and the education of young parents in this field seem to us to be particularly necessary. In short, we do not aim to alleviate the situation of the relatives, but to improve the living conditions and perspectives of people that suffer from a serious mental illness. The equation is eminently simple: when this is achieved, the relatives will also benefit!

Babies Need Mothers – How Mothers Can Prevent Mental Illness in their Children is a rare example of careful conceptual reasoning about basic categories in medicine. Ultimately this is what is sorely needed in rational thinking about the mysteries of mental illness. This book is a fascinating contribution and well worth reading, precisely because it upsets the applecart. I recommend it to anyone who wants to get beyond rigid categorization in psychiatry and look at enduring problems of the mind in new ways. Raymond Moody, Author, Life After Life; MD, Psy.D, PhD Philosophy

Dr. McKenzie’s book is revolutionary. Some long sought answers to causes of psychosis and other severe mental illnesses are explained in clear and understandable language. He not only describes cause and effect, but also provides clear remedies for healing that are unique and long lasting. He shows clearly and unmistakably the way to recover health, and his findings could change the prevailing way of treating chronic mental difficulties. Harold Stern, PhD, Psychoanalyst

This book is a further development of ideas described in Delayed Posttraumatic Stress Disorders from Infancy: The Two Trauma Mechanism by Clancy D. McKenzie, MD and Lance S. Wright, MD. I have used this latter book in my courses at Georgetown University, in courses on the family and courses on philosophy of psychoanalysis. The ideas of the book were enlightening, stimulative and provocative. I plan to continue to use the ideas of Dr. McKenzie in my classes. In his new book Dr. McKenzie makes recommendations about child rearing practices. His new book is rich in ideas and promises a fruitful debate about the psychological origins of mental illness. No one will regret reading this book. Wilfried Ver Eecke Professor in Philosophy Adjunct Professor in Psychology Georgetown University